13 Flashcards
What is a chemical change?
A change where matter is altered, resulting in new substances being formed
Examples include bubbles, fizzing, temperature changes, and color changes.
What characterizes a physical change?
A change in size, shape, or state without forming new substances
No new substance is created during a physical change.
What is the general equation for a chemical reaction?
Reactant → Product
This represents the transformation of reactants into products.
What is the word equation for the reaction of lithium with water?
Lithium + Water → Lithium Hydroxide + Hydrogen
What is the symbol equation for the reaction of lithium with water?
Li + H2O → LiOH + H2
What type of energy changes occur during a chemical reaction?
Heat and light are often released
Examples include magnesium burning and a candle burning.
What is combustion?
A chemical reaction where a substance burns in the presence of oxygen, typically releasing energy
This is an exothermic reaction.
What is the pop test used for?
To test for hydrogen gas
The test involves reacting a metal with acid and igniting the gas produced.
What are the steps in conducting the pop test?
- React metal with acid in a test tube
- Place a boiling tube over the test tube
- Bring a lit match to the boiling tube
What is produced when hydrochloric acid reacts with magnesium powder?
Magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas
What is the formula for preparing magnesium chloride?
Magnesium + Hydrochloric Acid → Magnesium Chloride + Hydrogen
The process involves evaporation.
What are some common acids mentioned?
- Hydrochloric acid
- Sulfuric acid
- Nitric acid
- Phosphoric acid
What is neutralization?
The reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt and water
What is the reaction of an acid with a metal?
Produces a salt and hydrogen gas
General form: Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen.
What are Group 1 and Group 2 metals known for?
They tend to be highly reactive
Group 1 includes alkali metals, while Group 2 includes alkaline earth metals.
What are the key concepts related to forces?
- Force - push or pull
- Weight - gravitational force on an object
- Mass - amount of matter in an object
What is friction?
A force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact
