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Question 1

how to remove lung

Answer 1

cut carefully through muscle, blunt disection into pleural space- influx of air makes lung collapse

ligate pulmonary artery, vein and bronchus

or stapler

leak test

Question 2

PDA physical exam may show

Answer 2

• 4/5 continuous machinery murmur
• heart base
• palpable thrill

Question 3

what direction PDA

Answer 3

left to right

aorta to pulmonary artery
(L CHF)

Question 4

what nerve coarses over PDA

Answer 4

vagus nerve

Question 5

thymomas occur in what type of dog

Answer 5

labs and goldens

Question 6

thymomas are associated with what condition

Answer 6

Paraneoplastic syndrome- Myasthenia gravis and hypercalcemia

Question 7

what cells on cytology of thymoma

Answer 7

epithelial cells

Question 8

what side of rib for throacocentesis

Answer 8

caudal aspect of intercostal space
(avoid space directly caudal to rib that is where the vessels and nerves are)

Question 9

exudate vs transduate

Answer 9

exudate: high cells and proteins: pyo/FIP- increased vascular permeability

transudate: low cells and proteins: decreased oncotic pressure, increased hydrostatic pressure: CHF, liver failure, LLT

Question 10

how to test for chylothorax

Answer 10

tap and TG will be higher then plasma

cholesterol will be lower