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ANATOMY - MSK (Lower Limb) > 1.2.6.4. Muscles of the Gluteal Region > Flashcards

1.2.6.4. Muscles of the Gluteal Region Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the Gluteal Region located?

A
  1. Posteriorly to the Pelvic Girdle

2. At the Proximal End of the Femur

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2
Q

Where do the Muscles of the Gluteal Region act?

A

The Hip Joint

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3
Q

What are the 2 broad groups of Muscles of the Gluteal Region?

A
  1. Superficial Abductor and Extender Muscles

2. Deep Lateral Rotator Muscles

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4
Q

What are the Superficial Abductors and Extender Muscles of the Gluteal Region?

A
  1. Gluteus Maximus Muscle
  2. Gluteus Medius Muscle
  3. Gluteus Minimus Muscle
  4. Tensor Fascia Lata Muscle
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5
Q

Where does the Gluteus Maximus Muscle originate from?

A
  1. Gluteal (Posterior) Surface of the Ilium
  2. Gluteal (Posterior) Surface of the Sacrum
  3. Gluteal (Posterior) Surface of the Coccyx
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6
Q

Where does the Gluteus Maximus Muscle travel?

A
  1. Across the Buttock at a 45 degree angle

2. Through the Iliotibial Tract

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7
Q

Where does the Gluteus Maximus Muscle attach distally?

A

Gluteal Tuberosity of the Femur

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8
Q

What is the function of the Gluteus Maximus Muscle?

A
  1. Extension of the Hip Joint
  2. Lateral Rotation of the Hip Joint
    Note - It is only used when force is required, e.g. running, climbing, squatting etc.
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9
Q

What is the main Extensor of the Hip Joint?

A

The Gluteus Maximus Muscle

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10
Q

What is the innervation of the Gluteus Maximus Muscle?

A

Inferior Gluteal Nerve

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11
Q

What is the significance of the Gluteus Maximus Muscle?

A

It is the largest and most superficial of the Gluteal Muscles, and so produces the shape of the Buttocks

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12
Q

What shape is the Gluteus Medius Muscle?

A

Fan-shaped

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13
Q

Where is the Gluteus Medius Muscle located, in relation to the Superficial Abductors and Extender Muscles of the Gluteal Region?

A
  1. Deep to the Gluteus Maximus Muscle

2. Superficial to the Gluteus Minimus Muscle

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14
Q

Where does the Gluteus Medius Muscle originate from?

A

Gluteal Surface of the Ilium

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15
Q

Where does the Gluteus Medius Muscle attach distally?

A

Lateral Surface of the Greater Trochanter of the Femur

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16
Q

What is the function of the Gluteus Medius Muscle?

A
  1. Adduction of the Hip Joint
  2. Medial Rotation of the Hip Joint
  3. Secures the Pelvis
    (4. Posterior Fibers are thought to produce a small amount of Lateral Rotation of the Hip Joint)
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17
Q

What happens when the Gluteus Medius Muscle “Secures the Pelvis”?

A

It prevents Pelvic Drop of the other Limb during locomotion

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18
Q

What is the innervation of the Gluteus Medius Muscle?

A

Superior Gluteal Nerve

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19
Q

What is the Shape and Function of the Gluteus Medius Muscle similar to?

A

Gluteus Minimus Muscle, they are both Fan-shaped

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20
Q

Where is the Gluteus Minimus Muscle located, in relation to the Superficial Abductors and Extender Muscles of the Gluteal Region?

A
  1. Deep to the Gluteus Maximus Muscle

2. Deep to the Gluteus Medius Muscle

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21
Q

Where does the Gluteus Minimus Muscle originate from?

A

Ilium

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22
Q

Where does the converged Tendon of the Gluteus Minimus Muscle attach distally?

A

Anterior Side of the Greater Trochanter of the Femur

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23
Q

What is the function of the Gluteus Minimus Muscle?

A
  1. Abduction of the Hip Joint
  2. Medial Rotation of the Hip Joint
  3. Secures the Pelvis
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24
Q

What happens when the Gluteus Minimus Muscle “Secures the Pelvis”?

A

It prevents Pelvic Drop of the other Limb during locomotion

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25
Q

What is the innervation of the Gluteus Minimus Muscle?

A

Superior Gluteal Nerve

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26
Q

How is the Tensor Fascia Lata Muscle described?

A

A Small Superficial Muscle

27
Q

Where is the Tensor Fascia Lata Muscle located?

A

Anterior Edge of the Iliac Crest

28
Q

Where does the Tensor Fascia Lata Muscle originate from?

A

Anterior Iliac Crest

29
Q

Where does the Tensor Fascia Lata Muscle attach proximally?

A

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

30
Q
  1. Where does the Tensor Fascia Lata Muscle travel?

2. What is the significance of this?

A
  1. It inserts into the Iliotibial Tract

2. This is attached to the Lateral Condyle of the Tibia

31
Q

What is the function of the Tensor Fascia Lata Muscle?

A

It tightens the Fascia Lata and so causes:

  1. Abduction of the Hip Joint
  2. Medial Rotation of the Hip Joint
  3. Assists the Gluteus Medius and Gluteus Minimus Muscles in their functions
  4. It plays a supportive role in the Gait Cycle
32
Q

What is the innervation of the Tensor Fascia Lata Muscle?

A

The Superior Gluteal Nerve

33
Q

How large are the Deep Lateral Rotator Muscles, in relation to the Superficial Abductor and Extender Muscles of the Gluteal Region?

A

They are small

34
Q

Where are the Deep Lateral Rotator Muscles located?

A

Deep to (underneath) the Gluteus Minimus Muscle

35
Q

What is the general function of the Deep Lateral Rotator Muscles?

A
  1. Lateral Rotation of the Hip Joint

2. Stabilize the Hip Joint

36
Q

How do the Deep Lateral Rotator Muscles stabilize the Hip Joint?

A

They pull the Head of the Femur into the Acetabulum of the Pelvis

37
Q

What are the Deep Lateral Rotator Muscles?

A
  1. Piriformis Muscle
  2. Obturator Internus Muscle
  3. Superior and Inferior Gemelli Muscles
  4. Quadratus Femoris Muscle
38
Q

What is the Superior-Most Deep Lateral Rotator Muscle?

A

The Piriformis Muscle

39
Q

Where does the Piriformis Muscle originate from?

A

Anterior Surface of the Sacrum

40
Q

Where does the Piriformis Muscle travel?

A

Inferolaterally through the Greater Sciatic Foramen

41
Q

Where does the Piriformis Muscle attach distally?

A

The Greater Trochanter of the Femur

42
Q

What is the function of the Piriformis Muscle?

A
  1. Lateral Rotation of the Hip Joint

2. Abduction of the Hip Joint

43
Q

What is the innervation of the Piriformis Muscle?

A

The nerve to the Piriformis

44
Q

What does the Obturator Internus Muscle form?

A

The Lateral Walls of the Pelvic Cavity

45
Q

Where does the Obturator Internus Muscle originate from?

A
  1. Pubis at the Obturator Foramen

2. Ischium at the Obturator Foramen

46
Q

Where does the Obturator Internus Muscle travel?

A

Through the Lesser Sciatic Foramen

47
Q

Where does the Obturator Internus Muscle attach distally?

A

Greater Trochanter of the Femur

48
Q

What is the function of the Obturator Internus Muscle?

A
  1. Lateral Rotation of the Hip Joint

2. Abduction of the Hip Joint

49
Q

What is the innervation of the Obturator Internus Muscle?

A

Nerve to the Obturator Internus

50
Q
  1. What is the Muscle sometimes considered part of the Obturator Internus Muscle?
  2. What is the name of the combination of these Muscles?
A
  1. The Superior and Inferior Gemelli Muscles

2. The Triceps Coxae

51
Q

How are the Superior and Inferior Gemelli Muscles described?

A

2 Narrow Triangular Muscles

52
Q

What separates the Superior and Inferior Gemelli Muscles?

A

The Obturator Internus Muscle

53
Q

Where does the Superior Gemellus Muscle originate from?

A

The Ischial Spine

54
Q

Where does the Inferior Gemellus Muscle originate from?

A

The Ischial Tuberosity

55
Q

Where do the Superior and Inferior Gemelli Muscles attach distally?

A

Greater Trochanter of the Femur

56
Q

What is the function of the Superior and Inferior Gemelli Muscles?

A
  1. Lateral Rotation of the Hip Joint

2. Abduction of the Hip Joint

57
Q

What is the innervation of the Superior Gemellus Muscle?

A

Nerve to the Obturator Internus Muscle

58
Q

What is the innervation of the Inferior Gemellus Muscle?

A

Nerve to the Quadratus Femoris Muscle

59
Q

What is the Inferior-Most Deep Lateral Rotator Muscle?

A

The Quadratus Femoris Muscle

60
Q

How is the Quadratus Femoris Muscle described?

A

A Flat, Square-Shaped Muscle

61
Q

Where does the Quadratus Femoris Muscle originate from?

A

Lateral side of the Ischial Tuberosity

62
Q

Where does the Quadratus Femoris Muscle attach distally?

A

Quadrate Tuberosity of the Intertrochanteric Crest of the Femur

63
Q

What is the function of the Quadratus Femoris Muscle?

A

Lateral Rotation of the Hip Joint

64
Q

What is the innervation of the Quadratus Femoris Muscle?

A

Nerve to the Quadratus Femoris

ANATOMY - MSK (Lower Limb) (21 decks)

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