12.5 Studying Cells Flashcards
what is a cell
the basic unit of life
all cells in multicellular organisms will have the same…
basic structure
in the organism a cell will be related to its…
function
eukaryotic cell definition
- ‘true nucleus’
- DNA of eukaryotes is enclosed by a nuclear membrane
- cells have membrane bound organelles
- linear DNA molecules coiled around histone proteins to form chromatin
all eukaryotic cells
plants, algae, animal, protozoan, fungi
4 eukaryotic kingdoms
1 animalia
2 plantae
3 protoctista (algae, protozoa)
4 fungi (unicellular yeast cells)
plant cells have…
CELLULOSE cell walls
what do algal cells contain
chloroplasts -> photosynthesis
(protoctista)
characteristics of fungi
- multi-cellular fungi have cells joined -> long hyphae
- cell walls made from CHITIN
draw and label an animal cell (eukaryotic)
what’s the difference between a mitochondrion and mitochondria
mitochondrion (singular)
mitochondria (pleural)
draw and label a plant cell (eukaryotic)
draw and label a chloroplast (plants / algae)
5 things in a chloroplast
- granum
- thylakoid membrane
- stroma
- starch grains
- DNA and ribosomes
function of granum
stack of thylakoid membranes
function of thylakoid membrane
contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis & ATP synthase enzyme to produce ATP
function of stroma
fluid filled part, some of the photosynthetic reactions occur here
function of starch grains
the energy storage molecule in plants
function of DNA and ribosomes
contain their own DNA and 70s ribosomes for synthesis of enzymes needed for photosynthesis
draw and label a cellulose cell wall (plants / algae)
3 things in a cellulose cell wall
- many weak H bonds between cellulose fibrils
- micro fibrils arranged in a matrix
- plasmodesmata (gaps in the cell walls that connect cell cytoplasm’s together)
function of many weak H bonds between cellulose fibrils (cellulose cell wall)
very strong -> limits the volume of water that can move into the cell and stops osmotic lysis (bursting)
function of micro fibrils arranged in a matrix (cellulose cell wall)
wall is permeable to most molecules unlike the membrane
function of plasmodesmata (gaps in the cell walls that connect cell cytoplasm’s together) (cellulose cell wall)
allow the easy movement of water-soluble molecules