12.5 General Structure & Function of organelles within Eukaryotic cells (Studying Cells) Flashcards
identify this organelle
nucleus
identify this organelle
mitochondrion
identify this organelle
RER
identify this organelle
SER
identify this organelle
Cytoplasmic ribosome
identify this organelle
golgi apparatus / body
identify this organelle
lysosome
identify this organelle
cell surface membrane
identify this organelle
centrioles
draw and label a nucleus
draw and label a mitochondrion
draw and label RER
draw and label SER
draw and label a cytoplasmic ribosome
draw and label a Golgi apparatus / body
draw and label a Lysosome
draw and label a cell surface membrane
draw and label a centriole
structure of nucleus
- nuclear envelope / double membrane and pores
- chromosomes / chromatin (DNA associated with histones)
- nucleolus
structure of mitochondria
- double membrane
- inner membrane highly folded to form cristae (increase SA)
- matrix (liquid part) containing mitochondrial DNA, ribosomes, proteins and liquids
structure of RER
- highly folded membranes with 80s ribosomes embedded
- the membrane is folded into flattened sacks called cisternae
- joined to the nucleus
structure of SER
- highly folded membranes flattened into sacks called cisternae
structure of cytoplasmic ribosome
- made up of 2 subunits that are made of long strands of rRNA and ribosomal proteins
- eukaryotic cell contains 80s cytoplasmic ribosomes
structure of golgi apparatus / body
- flattened sacks made of membrane filled with fluid
- Golgi vesicles pinch off from the main membrane
structure of a lysosome
- Membrane-bound organelle that stores and releases (many) hydrolytic enzymes
structure of cell surface membrane
- made up of phospholipids, specific transport proteins, and carbohydrates arranged into what is described as a fluid mosaic model
structure of centrioles
Microtubules
function of a nucleus
- stores genetic information for polypeptide production
- site of DNA replication
- site of production of mRNA (transcription) and tRNA
- site of production of rRNA / ribosomes (nucleolus)
function of mitochondria
- site of ATP production by aerobic respiration
- cells that need a lot of ATP have lots of mitochondria (muscle cells -> for muscle contraction + epithelial cells -> for active transport of ions)
function of RER
- synthesis and transport of proteins throughout the cell
- cells which can make lots of protein i.e secreting extracellular enzymes / antibodies have lots of RER (enzyme secreting gland cells / antibodies producing plasma cells)
function of SER
- recombines glycerol and fatty acids to make triglycerides
- packages triglycerides into vesicles and transports them to the Golgi apparatus
function of cytoplasmic ribosome
- site of protein synthesis from amino acids
function of golgi apparatus / body
- sorts, modifies and packages proteins and triglycerides* into vesicles
- Golgi vesicles may be used to form lysosomes
- cells with extensive Golgi, packages lots of molecules for export (enzyme secreting gland cells / antibodies producing plasma cells)
*Always involves protein
function of a lysosome
- contains hydrolytic enzymes - phagocytes are types of white blood cells that contain many lysosomes, as they hydrolyse invading pathogens
function of cell surface membrane
- controls the passage of molecules in and out of the cell
function of centrioles
- form a network of spindle fibres onto which chromosomes attach
- pull chromosomes / chromatids apart during mitosis
NOT FOUND IN PLANT CELLS
