12.5 General Structure & Function of organelles within Eukaryotic cells (Studying Cells) Flashcards
1
Q
identify this organelle
A
nucleus
2
Q
identify this organelle
A
mitochondrion
3
Q
identify this organelle
A
RER
4
Q
identify this organelle
A
SER
5
Q
identify this organelle
A
Cytoplasmic ribosome
6
Q
identify this organelle
A
golgi apparatus / body
7
Q
identify this organelle
A
lysosome
8
Q
identify this organelle
A
cell surface membrane
9
Q
identify this organelle
A
centrioles
10
Q
draw and label a nucleus
A
11
Q
draw and label a mitochondrion
A
12
Q
draw and label RER
A
13
Q
draw and label SER
A
14
Q
draw and label a cytoplasmic ribosome
A
15
Q
draw and label a Golgi apparatus / body
A
16
Q
draw and label a Lysosome
A
17
Q
draw and label a cell surface membrane
A
18
Q
draw and label a centriole
A
19
Q
structure of nucleus
A
- nuclear envelope / double membrane and pores
- chromosomes / chromatin (DNA associated with histones)
- nucleolus
20
Q
structure of mitochondria
A
- double membrane
- inner membrane highly folded to form cristae (increase SA)
- matrix (liquid part) containing mitochondrial DNA, ribosomes, proteins and liquids
21
Q
structure of RER
A
- highly folded membranes with 80s ribosomes embedded
- the membrane is folded into flattened sacks called cisternae
- joined to the nucleus
22
Q
structure of SER
A
- highly folded membranes flattened into sacks called cisternae
23
Q
structure of cytoplasmic ribosome
A
- made up of 2 subunits that are made of long strands of rRNA and ribosomal proteins
- eukaryotic cell contains 80s cytoplasmic ribosomes
24
Q
structure of golgi apparatus / body
A
- flattened sacks made of membrane filled with fluid
- Golgi vesicles pinch off from the main membrane
25
structure of a lysosome
- Membrane-bound organelle that stores and releases (many) hydrolytic enzymes
26
structure of cell surface membrane
- made up of phospholipids, specific transport proteins, and carbohydrates arranged into what is described as a fluid mosaic model
27
structure of centrioles
Microtubules
28
function of a nucleus
- stores genetic information for polypeptide production
- site of DNA replication
- site of production of mRNA (transcription) and tRNA
- site of production of rRNA / ribosomes (nucleolus)
29
function of mitochondria
- site of ATP production by aerobic respiration
- cells that need a lot of ATP have lots of mitochondria (muscle cells -> for muscle contraction + epithelial cells -> for active transport of ions)
30
function of RER
- synthesis and transport of proteins throughout the cell
- cells which can make lots of protein i.e secreting extracellular enzymes / antibodies have lots of RER (enzyme secreting gland cells / antibodies producing plasma cells)
31
function of SER
- recombines glycerol and fatty acids to make triglycerides
- packages triglycerides into vesicles and transports them to the Golgi apparatus
32
function of cytoplasmic ribosome
- site of protein synthesis from amino acids
33
function of golgi apparatus / body
- sorts, modifies and packages proteins and triglycerides* into vesicles
- Golgi vesicles may be used to form lysosomes
- cells with extensive Golgi, packages lots of molecules for export (enzyme secreting gland cells / antibodies producing plasma cells)
*Always involves protein
34
function of a lysosome
- contains hydrolytic enzymes - phagocytes are types of white blood cells that contain many lysosomes, as they hydrolyse invading pathogens
35
function of cell surface membrane
- controls the passage of molecules in and out of the cell
36
function of centrioles
- form a network of spindle fibres onto which chromosomes attach
- pull chromosomes / chromatids apart during mitosis
NOT FOUND IN PLANT CELLS
