12.5 General Structure & Function of organelles within Eukaryotic cells (Studying Cells)

Question 1

identify this organelle

Answer 1

nucleus

Question 2

identify this organelle

Answer 2

mitochondrion

Question 3

identify this organelle

Answer 3

RER

Question 4

identify this organelle

Answer 4

SER

Question 5

identify this organelle

Answer 5

Cytoplasmic ribosome

Question 6

identify this organelle

Answer 6

golgi apparatus / body

Question 7

identify this organelle

Answer 7

lysosome

Question 8

identify this organelle

Answer 8

cell surface membrane

Question 9

identify this organelle

Answer 9

centrioles

Question 10

draw and label a nucleus

Answer 10

Question 11

draw and label a mitochondrion

Answer 11

Question 12

draw and label RER

Answer 12

Question 13

draw and label SER

Answer 13

Question 14

draw and label a cytoplasmic ribosome

Answer 14

Question 15

draw and label a Golgi apparatus / body

Answer 15

Question 16

draw and label a Lysosome

Answer 16

Question 17

draw and label a cell surface membrane

Answer 17

Question 18

draw and label a centriole

Answer 18

Question 19

structure of nucleus

Answer 19

• nuclear envelope / double membrane and pores
• chromosomes / chromatin (DNA associated with histones)
• nucleolus

Question 20

structure of mitochondria

Answer 20

• double membrane
• inner membrane highly folded to form cristae (increase SA)
• matrix (liquid part) containing mitochondrial DNA, ribosomes, proteins and liquids

Question 21

structure of RER

Answer 21

• highly folded membranes with 80s ribosomes embedded
• the membrane is folded into flattened sacks called cisternae
• joined to the nucleus

Question 22

structure of SER

Answer 22

• highly folded membranes flattened into sacks called cisternae

Question 23

structure of cytoplasmic ribosome

Answer 23

• made up of 2 subunits that are made of long strands of rRNA and ribosomal proteins
• eukaryotic cell contains 80s cytoplasmic ribosomes

Question 24

structure of golgi apparatus / body

Answer 24

• flattened sacks made of membrane filled with fluid
• Golgi vesicles pinch off from the main membrane

Question 25

structure of a lysosome

Answer 25

• Membrane-bound organelle that stores and releases (many) hydrolytic enzymes

Question 26

structure of cell surface membrane

Answer 26

• made up of phospholipids, specific transport proteins, and carbohydrates arranged into what is described as a fluid mosaic model

Question 27

structure of centrioles

Answer 27

Microtubules

Question 28

function of a nucleus

Answer 28

• stores genetic information for polypeptide production
• site of DNA replication
• site of production of mRNA (transcription) and tRNA
• site of production of rRNA / ribosomes (nucleolus)

Question 29

function of mitochondria

Answer 29

• site of ATP production by aerobic respiration
• cells that need a lot of ATP have lots of mitochondria (muscle cells -> for muscle contraction + epithelial cells -> for active transport of ions)

Question 30

function of RER

Answer 30

• synthesis and transport of proteins throughout the cell
• cells which can make lots of protein i.e secreting extracellular enzymes / antibodies have lots of RER (enzyme secreting gland cells / antibodies producing plasma cells)

Question 31

function of SER

Answer 31

• recombines glycerol and fatty acids to make triglycerides
• packages triglycerides into vesicles and transports them to the Golgi apparatus

Question 32

function of cytoplasmic ribosome

Answer 32

• site of protein synthesis from amino acids

Question 33

function of golgi apparatus / body

Answer 33

• sorts, modifies and packages proteins and triglycerides* into vesicles
• Golgi vesicles may be used to form lysosomes
• cells with extensive Golgi, packages lots of molecules for export (enzyme secreting gland cells / antibodies producing plasma cells)

*Always involves protein

Question 34

function of a lysosome

Answer 34

• contains hydrolytic enzymes - phagocytes are types of white blood cells that contain many lysosomes, as they hydrolyse invading pathogens

Question 35

function of cell surface membrane

Answer 35

• controls the passage of molecules in and out of the cell

Question 36

function of centrioles

Answer 36

• form a network of spindle fibres onto which chromosomes attach
• pull chromosomes / chromatids apart during mitosis

NOT FOUND IN PLANT CELLS