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NSFC A Level Computer Science > 1.2.4 - Types of Programming Language > Flashcards

1.2.4 - Types of Programming Language Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a programming paradigm?

A

Different approaches to using a programming language to solve a problem.

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2
Q

What are the two broad categories of programming paradigms?

A

Imperative and declarative.

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3
Q

What are two examples of the imperative programming paradigm?

A

Procedural and object-oriented.

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4
Q

What are two examples of the declarative programming paradigm?

A

Functional and logic.

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5
Q

What is the main feature of the imperative programming paradigm?

A

A paradigm that uses code that specifies the actions to be performed to solve the problem.

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6
Q

What is the procedural programming paradigm?

A

A paradigm that uses a sequence of instructions which may be contained within procedures.

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7
Q

What is an example programming language that follows the procedural paradigm?

A

Pascal, python, logo.

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8
Q

What is object-oriented programming?

A

OOP is built on entities called objects which are formed from classes that have certain attributes and methods.

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9
Q

What is an example programming language that follows the object-oriented paradigm?

A

Python, Delphi, Java, C#.

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10
Q

What is the main feature of the declarative programming paradigm?

A

The desired result is stated rather than the instructions that need to be performed. It is the job of the programming language to determine how to obtain the result.

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11
Q

What is the definition of the functional paradigm?

A

It uses the concept of reusing a set of functions that form the core of the program.

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12
Q

What is an example programming language that follows the functional paradigm?

A

Haskell, C#, Java.

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13
Q

What is the definition of the logic paradigm?

A

Uses code which defines a set of facts and rules based on the problem. Queries are used to find solutions.

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14
Q

What is an example programming language that follows the logic paradigm?

A

Prolog, SQL.

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15
Q

What is assembly language?

A

Assembly language is the next level up from machine code and uses mnemonics rather than binary.

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16
Q

What does the assembly instruction ADD mean and do?

A

Add - Adds the value at the given memory address to the value in the accumulator.

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17
Q

What does the assembly instruction SUB mean and do?

A

Subtract - Subtracts the value at the given memory address from the value in the accumulator.

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18
Q

What does the assembly instruction STA mean and do?

A

Store - Stores the value in the accumulator at a given memory address.

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19
Q

What does the assembly instruction LDA mean and do?

A

Load - Loads the value at the given memory address into the accumulator.

20
Q

What does the assembly instruction INP mean and do?

A

Input - Allows the user to input a value that will be held in the accumulator.

21
Q

What does the assembly instruction OUT mean and do?

A

Output - Prints the value currently held in the accumulator.

22
Q

What does the assembly instruction HLT mean and do?

A

Halt - Stops the program at that line, preventing the rest of the code from being executed.

23
Q

What does the assembly instruction DAT mean and do?

A

Data - Creates a flag with a label at which data is stored.

24
Q

What does the assembly instruction BRZ mean and do?

A

Branch if zero - Branches to a given address if the value in the accumulator is zero. This is a conditional branch.

25
Q

What does the assembly instruction BRP mean and do?

A

Branch if positive - Branches to a given address if the value in the accumulator is greater than zero. This is a conditional branch.

26
Q

What does the assembly instruction BRA mean and do?

A

Branch always - Branches to a given address no matter the value in the accumulator. This is an unconditional branch.

27
Q

What does the opcode contain?

A

Data that specifies the instruction to be performed.

28
Q

What does the operand contain?

A

A value that is related to the data on which the instruction is to be performed. This is usually an address.

29
Q

What is the function of an addressing mode?

A

It specifies how the operand should be interpreted.

30
Q

What does the addressing mode ‘immediate addressing’ do?

A

The operand is the actual value upon which the instruction is to be performed.

31
Q

What does the addressing mode ‘direct addressing’ do?

A

The operand gives the address which holds the value upon which the instruction is to be performed.

32
Q

What does the addressing mode ‘indirect addressing’ do?

A

The operand gives the address of a register that holds another address, where the data is located.

33
Q

What does the addressing mode ‘indexed addressing’ do?

A

An index register is used which stores a certain value. The address of the operand is determined by adding the operand to the index register.

34
Q

In object-oriented programming, what is a class?

A

A template for an object that defines the properties and behaviour of an object.

35
Q

What are attributes?

A

The variables that define the properties of an object.

36
Q

What are methods in a class?

A

The functions that define the behaviour of the object.

37
Q

What is a setter?

A

A method that sets the value of a particular attribute.

38
Q

What is a getter?

A

A method that retrieves the value of a given attribute.

39
Q

What is encapsulation?

A

If a variable is defined as being private, it cannot be changed by users so it is encapsulated.

40
Q

What is inheritance?

A

A class can inherit all of the attributes and methods of the superclass but can also have its own attributes.

41
Q

What is polymorphism?

A

Polymorphism is when a subclass alters its inherited methods.

42
Q

What are the two types of polymorphism?

A

Overloading and overriding.

43
Q

What is overloading?

A

When a method in the subclass has the same name as the superclass but different parameters and arguments.

44
Q

What is overriding?

A

When a method is redefined in the subclass with the same name and arguments, this method overrides the superclasses’ method.

45
Q

What are the advantages of using OOP?

A

OOP allows for a high level of reusability.

Encapsulation allows for more reliability and a more robust program.

46
Q

What are the disadvantages of using OOP?

A

It is generally unsuitable for smaller programs as classes cannot be reused.

NSFC A Level Computer Science (26 decks)

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