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Biological Processes in the Brain > 12.4 The Endocrine System > Flashcards

12.4 The Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the primary connection between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

A

hypothalamic-pituitary axis

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2
Q

What is a hormone?

A

molecule that is secreted into the bloodstream by an endocrine gland that has its effects upon distant target cells that possess the appropriate receptor

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3
Q

What is an endocrine gland?

A

ductless gland whose secretory products are picked up by capillaries supplying blood to the region

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4
Q

What are exocrine glands?

A

glands that secrete their products into the external environment by way of ducts

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5
Q

What is a hormone receptor?

A

polypeptide that possesses ligand-specific binding site

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6
Q

What is autocrine activity?

A

signaling molecules that modify the activity of the cell which secreted them

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7
Q

What are the two classes of hormones?

A

peptide and amino acid derivatives
steroids

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8
Q

What is the structure of peptide/steroid hormones?

A

hydrophilic/hydrophobic

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9
Q

What is the site of synthesis for peptide/steroid hormones?

A

rough ER/smooth ER

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10
Q

What is the regulation of release for peptide/steroid hormones?

A

stored in vesicles until signal for secretion is released/synthesized when needed and used immediately

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11
Q

How are peptide/steroid hormones transported?

A

free/protein carrier

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of effect for peptide/steroid hormones?

A

second messengers for modification of enzyme activity/bind to cytoplasmic receptors that regulate transcription

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13
Q

What is the timing of effect for peptide/steroid hormones?

A

rapid and short lived; slow and long lived

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14
Q

How is the endocrine system generally regulated?

A

feedback

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15
Q

What are tropic hormones?

A

hormones that regulate other hormones

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16
Q

What mostly controls the endocrine system?

A

hypothalamus

17
Q

What is the hypothalamic-pituitary axis?

A

hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary which controls most of the endocrine system

18
Q

What is the hypothalamic-pituitary portal system?

A

special miniature circulatory system provided for efficient transport of hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting factors to the anterior pituitary

19
Q

What is the anterior pituitary?

A

normal endocrine gland that is controlled by hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting factors

20
Q

What is the posterior pituitary?

A

composed of axons which descend from the hypothalamus

21
Q

What are neuroendocrine cells?

A

neurons which secrete hormones into the blood stream

Biological Processes in the Brain (6 decks)

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