12.1 Neuronal Structure and Function Part 2

Question 1

What are Schwann cells?

Answer 1

glial cells located in the PNS that form the myelin sheath

Question 2

What are oligodendrocytes?

Answer 2

glial cells in the CNS that form the myelin sheath

Question 3

What are astrocytes?

Answer 3

glial cells located in the CNS that guide neuronal development and regulate synaptic communications via regulation of neurotransmitter levels

Question 4

What are microglia?

Answer 4

glial cells in the CNS that remove dead cells and debris

Question 5

What are ependymal cells?

Answer 5

glial cells in the CNS that produce and circulate CSF

Question 6

What is equilibrium potential?

Answer 6

the membrane potential at which the driving force (gradient) does not exist

Question 7

What is the Nernst equation?

Answer 7

can predict the equilibrium potential for any ion based on the electrochemical gradient across the membrane

Question 8

What is the refractory period?

Answer 8

when the neuron is nonresponsive to membrane depolarization and unable to transmit another action potential when one has just passed through

Question 9

What is the absolute refractory period?

Answer 9

neuron will not fire another action potential no matter how strong a membrane depolarization is induced

Question 10

What is the relative refractory period?

Answer 10

neuron can be induced to transmit and action potential but the depolarization required is greater than normal because the membrane is hyperpolarized