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SHHS - GCSE PE Unit 1 > 1.2 The structure and function of the cardio-respiratory system > Flashcards

1.2 The structure and function of the cardio-respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

What does cardio-respiratory stand for?

A

The interaction of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

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2
Q

What are the three functions of the cardiovascular system?

A

Transportation of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients
Helps clot the blood
Controls body temperature

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3
Q

What part of the blood allows the blood to clot?

A

Platelets

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4
Q

What is the name given to the process of a blood vessel narrowing to help warm the body up?

A

Vasocontriction

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5
Q

What is the name given to the process of a blood vessel widening to help cool the body down?

A

Vasodilation

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6
Q

Name the different components of the cardiovascular system

A

Heart
Blood
Blood vessels

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7
Q

What is the name of the blood vessel the takes blood from the lungs to the heart?

A

Pulmonary vein

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8
Q

What is the name of the blood vessel that takes blood from the heart to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary artery

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9
Q

What is the name of the blood vessel that take blood away from the heart to the rest of the body?

A

Aorta

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10
Q

What is the name of the blood vessel that takes blood from the rest of the body to the heart?

A

Vena Cava

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11
Q

Name the valve between the ventricles and the pulmonary blood vessels

A

Semi lunar valve

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12
Q

Name the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle

A

Tricuspid valve

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13
Q

Name the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle

A

Bicuspid valve

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14
Q

What is the name given the the part of the heart that separates the left and right side?

A

Septum

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15
Q

Does the aorta carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood

A

Oxygenated

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16
Q

Does the vena cava carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

A

Deoxygenated

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17
Q

Does the pulmonary artery carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

A

Deoxygenated

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18
Q

Does the pulmonary vein carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

A

Oxygenated

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19
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

The pressure of the blood against the walls of the blood vessels.

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20
Q

Define systole

A

The phase of the heartbeat when the heart contracts and pumps blood from the ventricles

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21
Q

Define diastole

A

The phase of the heart beat when the heart muscles relaxes and the heart fills with blood

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22
Q

During exercise what happens to blood pressure?

A

It increases

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23
Q

Why does blood pressure increase during exercise?

A

More blood is being pumped around the body therefore there is more pressure of the blood vessel walls

24
Q

Describe the structure and function of an artery

A

Narrow lumen
Carry blood away from the heart
Thick walls and more elastic

25
Q

Describe the structure and function of a vein

A

Wide lumen
Thin walls
Carry blood towards the heart

26
Q

Describe the structure and function of a capillary

A

One cell thick
Where gaseous exchange takes place
Link arteries and veins

27
Q

What is the name given to the process of redirecting blood around the body?

A

Vascular shunting

28
Q

When we exercise what happens to blood flow to our organs?

A

It decreases

29
Q

What happens to the blood vessels going to our organs when we exercise and why?

A

They vasoconstrict to reduce the amount of blood going to the organs. This means more blood can go to the working muscles.

30
Q

When we exercise what happens to blood flow to the working muscles?

A

It increases

31
Q

What happens to the blood vessels going to our muscles and why?

A

They vasodilate to increase the amount of blood going to the muscles. This means more blood and more oxygen can be delivered.

32
Q

Regular exercise makes our body more ……………………………. at vascular shunting

A

efficient

33
Q

Name the four parts of blood

A
  1. Red blood cells
  2. White blood cells
  3. Platelets
  4. Plasma
34
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A

To carry oxygen

35
Q

What is the function of white blood cells?

A

To help fight infection

36
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

To clot the blood

37
Q

What is the function of plasma?

A

Carries nutrients in the blood

38
Q

When an athlete trains at altitude what effect does this have?

A

It increases the number of red blood cells in their body. This means they can transport more oxygen

39
Q

What are the two functions of the respiratory system?

A
  1. Get oxygen into the body

2. Remove carbon dioxide from the body

40
Q

What is the composition of inhaled air?

A

Oxygen 20%

Carbon dioxide 0.4%

41
Q

What is the composition of exhaled air?

A

Oxygen 16%

Carbon dioxide 4%

42
Q

What happens to the rate of breathing during exercise and why does this happen?

A

It increases. This is to increase the amount of oxygen entering the body and to allow the additional carbon dioxide produced to leave the body

43
Q

What happens to the depth of breathing during exercise and why does this happen?

A

It increases. This increases the amount of oxygen entering and carbon dioxide leaving the body with each breath

44
Q

Define inspiration

A

Breathing in

45
Q

Define expiration

A

Breathing out

46
Q

Define vital capacity

A

The maximum amount of air that can be forced out of the lungs in once breath

47
Q

Define tidal volume

A

The amount of air inspired and expired with each normal breath

48
Q

What happens to tidal volume when you exercise?

A

It increases

49
Q

Does vital capacity change when we exercise?

A

No, it stays the same

50
Q

Why does vital capacity increase when you exercise?

A

To allow more oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out

51
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

A sheet of muscle that sits below the ribs and lungs. When we breathe in it flattens to allow more space for the lungs to inflate. When we breathe out it moves upwards to force air out of the lungs

52
Q

Where are the alveoli found?

A

At the end of the bronchioles

53
Q

What process takes place at the alveoli?

A

Gaseous exchange

54
Q

What about the structure of the alveoli makes it ideal for gaseous exchange?

A

Large surface area

1 cell thick

55
Q

Define gaseous exchange

A

The exchange of gases across a membrane. The gases move from an area of high concentration to low concentration

56
Q

Define oxygen debt

A

The amount of additional oxygen needed at the end of anaerobic exercise to replenish oxygen stores and break down lactic acid

57
Q

Following what type of exercise does oxygen debt occur?

A

Anaerobic exercise

SHHS - GCSE PE Unit 1 (11 decks)

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