1.2 The Impact Of WW1 Flashcards
How many German troops died during WW1 and how many were wounded?
2 million troops died and 4 million were wounded
How many German women were left as widows after WW1?
600,000 women
Give 2 ways the German home front was affected by WW1?
763,000 civilians died from starvation
150,000 died room the flu pandemic
By 1918, the German industrial production was about…lower than it had been in 1913.
33%
What did Germany’s debt increase from 1914 to 1918?
It went from 50 billion marks in 1914 to 150 billion marks in 1918.
True or False? The average wage for a worker in 1918 was only 60% of what it was in 1913.
True.
Who in Germany made lots of money from the war?
Big armament (military weapons) business owners.
When in WW1 was it clear that Germany was going to be defeated?
29th September 1918
Who told Kaiser Wilhelm II that Germany was not going to win WW1?
Field Marshall Hindenburg and General Ludendorff.
How did the German monarchy end?
Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated after knowing he could not win WW1.
Define Abdicating.
Giving up leadership
What did Hindenburg and Ludendorff recommend after knowing that Germany was not going to win WW1?
They recommended a democratic government to make a peace settlement with the allied powers
When did Hindenburg inform the Reichstag of the decision to create a more democratic government?
3rd October 1918
Who did the Kaiser appoint to be chancellor when it was decided for Germany to have a more democratic government in September/October 1918?
Prince Max of Baden, who was a liberal.
Who did German military leaders hand over power to so they could take the blame for losing WW1?
the civilian government.
When did the Kaiser lost the support of his military?
28th October 1918
What was Kiel Mutiny?
When the sailors in the German navy refused to follow the Kaiser’s orders
Who caused mass strikes in Munich after supporting an uprising against the Kaiser?
Kurt Eisner, who was a communist.
When did the Kaiser lose support of his advisors and was forced to abdicate which he refused until the army also withdrew support so he abdicated and fled to Holland?
9th November 1918
When was the German Republic born?
10th November 1918
Who declared the new German Republic, and what was he a member of?
Philipp Scheidemann, who was a member of the SPD
Who was the leader of the SPD?
Freidrich Ebert
Who became the leader of the German Republic?
Freidrich Ebert, who was also the leader of the SPD.
What was the name of the temporary government that the leader of the German Republic created until the new elections in January 1919?
the Council of People’s representatives
Who from Germany signed the WW1 armistice and when?
Freidrich Ebert signed the Armistice on the 11th November 1918.
Who became known as the November Criminals?
Ebert, the leader of the German Republic and the SPD and the politicians.
Why was the leader of the German Republic and their politicians known as the November Criminals?
Because many Germans felt that Germany could have won the war, but Freidrich Ebert signed the armistice.
Where became a place for a revolt after the end of WW1 in Germany?
Berlin
When did Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicate and where did he flee to?
9th November 1918, he fled to Holland.
What year was the Treaty of Versailles signed in?
1919.
What was article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles?
The War Guilt Clause.
How much did Germany have to pay in reparations due to the Treaty of Versailles?
£6.6 billion
How much of Germany’s land and population did they lose after the Treaty of Versailles was signed?
10% of its land and 12.5% of its population.
Where in Germany was demilitarised due to the TofV?
The Rhineland
What were the military restrictions given to Germany in the TofV?
They were only allowed:
100,000 soldiers
15,000 sailors
6 ships
0 Submarines
0 armoured vehicles
True or False: the TofV allowed Anschluss, the joining of Austria and Germany.
False, the TofV stated that that Anschluss was not to happen.
When did the Weimar Republic stop paying their reparation instalments because they didn’t have the money?
1922
What happened as a result of Germany not paying there reparations as they didn’t have the money in 1922?
In 1923 France and Belgium seized the Ruhr Valley, as it was rich in coal and other goods.
Where was the main industrial region in Germany?
The Ruhr.
Was the seizing of the Ruhr legal because of the TofV?
Yes, seizing the Ruhr was legal.
Over 8 months, how many people were killed and kicked out of their homes in the Ruhr by France and Belgium?
132 people were killed and 150,000 Germans were kicked out of their homes.
When did Hyperinflation in Germany start?
1923
What system did people use to get around the problem of hyperinflation?
The barter system (trading items)
True or false: people got their savings back when hyperinflation ended.
False, People did NOT get their savings back when hyperinflation ended.
What was Passive Resistance?
When Ebert, the leader of the German Republic,told workers in the Ruhr to go on strike due to France and Belgium overtaking the Ruhr.
What was the German state formed after the Kaiser widely known as?
Weimar Germany
What 2 types of people benefitted from hyperinflation?
-People with debt
-farmers who sold food
What did the German population believe the TofV was?
Diktat
