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History: Nazi Germany 1890-1945 > 1.1 Germany Under Kaiser Wilhelm II > Flashcards

1.1 Germany Under Kaiser Wilhelm II Flashcards

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1
Q

In what year was Germany unified as a single country?

A

1871

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2
Q

What was Kaiser Wilhelm II before he was the Kaiser?

A

He was the King of Prussia, a German state

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3
Q

When did the German Empire establish the Federal Constitution?

A

1890, this created a central government

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4
Q

When did Wilhelm II become Kaiser?

A

1888

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5
Q

What 2 things did the Kaiser have the power to do?

A

-To appoint or dismiss the Chancellor
-To dissolve the Reichstag

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6
Q

What were the Reichstag?

A

The parliament

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7
Q

What were 2 things the Kaiser was in charge of?

A

-In charge of Foreign Policy
-The German military (he was the head)

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8
Q

What was on Kaiser Wilhelm II’s agenda (plan)?

A

To expand the German Empire

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9
Q

What threatened Kaiser Wilhelm’s plan to expand the German Empire abroad?

A

The rise of socialism

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10
Q

Who advised Kaiser Wilhelm II about political decisions?

A

Right wing (conservative) army officers with an elite background.

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11
Q

What did the army officers have to do before advising the Kaiser?

A

Swear on an oath of loyalty to the Kaiser.

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12
Q

Who funded the army and how often?

A

The Reichstag funded the army every 5 years

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13
Q

What was the chancellor?

A

The Kaisers Chief Minister

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14
Q

What was the Chancellor’s job?

A

-Appoint Ministers and help make new policies
-Lead the Bundesrat (federal council) by proposing new subjects, issues and laws to be discussed.

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15
Q

What did the Chancellor have the power to do?

A

Ignore the Reichstag (parliament)

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16
Q

What was the Bundesrat?

A

The German Federal council

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17
Q

How many Representatives was the Bundesrat made up of?

A

58 representatives of each German state

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18
Q

What state dominated the Bundesrat?

A

Prussia

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19
Q

What 3 things did the Bundesrat do?

A

-Consulted over government policies
-Proposed laws to the Reichstag
-Approve any laws the Reichstag made

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20
Q

What was the Reichstag?

A

The German Government

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21
Q

How many Deputies were in the Reichstag and how were they elected?

A

There were 397 deputies who were elected by the German voters (men 25+)

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22
Q

What 2 things did the Reichstag have the power to do?

A

-Pass, alter or reject laws proposed by the Bundesrat or Chancellor
-Give or refuse military funding once every 5 years

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23
Q

Even though Kaiser Wilhelm could dissolve the Reichstag he could not…

A

Stop Parliament elections

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24
Q

Who could put pressure on the government and shape public opinion?

A

The Reichstag as they had their own political agenda

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25
Q

What was the Landtag’s?

A

A mini government or mini Reichstag for every state

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26
Q

What landtag was most influential?

A

The Prussian Landtag

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27
Q

The chancellor was ultimately…

A

A puppet for the Kaiser

28
Q

True or False: if the Kaiser disagreed with the chancellor, the chancellor could be dismissed. MP’s could not sack the chancellor, only the Kaiser could.

A

True

29
Q

When did Kaiser Wilhelm II dismiss Chancellor Bismarck permanently?

A

1871, despite the fact that Bismarck had ruled Germany since unification

30
Q

As Germany was a federal state, individual states had the power to…

A

Control income tax

31
Q

Why was it difficult for the central German Government to raise tax for their budget?

A

Individual states controlled income tac

32
Q

Which Confederation declared itself the empire of Germany after unification?

A

The North German Confederation

33
Q

Prussia used its influence to emphasise…

A

Militarism

34
Q

What does Weltpolitik mean?

A

World policy

35
Q

Why did the Kaiser use Weltpolitik (world policy)?

A

To grow the German Empire and become the most dominant country in the world (above their rival GB)

36
Q

What 4 things did the Kaiser hope the Navy Laws would do?

A

-lead them to industrial growth
-protect and expand the German Empire
-increase German Patriotism
-be a symbol of strength to GB

37
Q

When did the Kaiser pass the First Navy Law and what did it entail?

A
  1. It increased the German Navy by 7 battleships.
38
Q

When did the Kaiser pass the 2nd Navy Law and what did it entail?

A
  1. This doubled the size of the Navy to 38 battleships.
39
Q

When did the Kaiser pass the 3rd Navy Law and what did it entail?

A
  1. Increased the Navy by 6 battleships, some German ships became dreadnoughts due to GB making theirs into dreadnoughts.
40
Q

When was the Entente Cordiale signed and by who?

A

1904, signed by GB and France

41
Q

When was the Triple Entente signed and by who?

A

1907, signed by GB France and Russia

42
Q

Who was a key figure in the international ‘entente’s’?

A

Alfred Von Tirpitz, the new German navy secretary

43
Q

What are 3 domestic successes of the Navy Laws?

A

-they encouraged patriotic and nationalist sentiment
-they created more work for businesses and industries
-the German people saw the countries power over Britain so they continued to follow the Kaiser’s policies

44
Q

What are 4 domestic problems of the German Navy Laws?

A

-the government had to raise taxes to fund it, workers were not happy
-their states debt increased by 490billion marks by 1913
-the SPD was opposed to them because they were so expensive
-the Kaiser argued with the army leaders as they wanted more money for the army not the navy

45
Q

By WW1, Germany’s coal production levels…

A

… matched Britain’s.

46
Q

By WW1, ion and steel production levels in Germany ….

A

Surpassed Britain’s levels.

47
Q

Give 2 positives to industrialisation In Germany.

A

-Better Transport Infrastructure=better trade routes
-Companies like Volkswagen and Bauer could grow

48
Q

What happened to Berlin’s population between 1875-1910?

A

It’s population doubled.

49
Q

How many Germans were living in towns and cities by 1910?

A

60%

50
Q

Give 1 negative about urbanisation in Germany during Industrialisation.

A

60% were living in towns and cities so diseases spread quickly and many died.

51
Q

Many people from…….came to Germany during industrialisation.

A

Eastern Europe

52
Q

What happened to wealth during immigration?

A

Wealth became very unevenly distributed between the rich and poor.

53
Q

Most workers felt exploited by industrialism. What did this lead to the rise of?

A

Socialism.

54
Q

Define Socialism.

A

The belief that everyone in society should share the profits made from industry.

55
Q

Who was mostly scared by Socialism?

A

Upper and middle classes.

56
Q

What did the SPD represent?

A

Socialism in politics.

57
Q

From 1890 onwards, what German Party won the most votes in the Reichstag (parliament)?

A

The SPD (Social Democratic Party)

58
Q

By 1912, what party had the most seats in the Reichstag?

A

The SPD (Social Democratic Party)

59
Q

Was the Kaiser a nationalist or a socialist?

A

A Nationalist (right wing)

60
Q

What did the government enact to get support and stop people supporting the SPD?

A

Social Reform

61
Q

What 3 things did the 1891 Social Law entail?

A

Made it illegal for:
Children under 13 to work
Women to work for more that 11 hours a day
Anyone to work on a Sunday

62
Q

What did the 1900 reforms entail?

A

An increase in time that workers can have off after they suffered an accident.

63
Q

What was made compulsory in 1901 in tows with a population of more than 20,000?

A

Industrial courts to settle employers and employee disputes.

64
Q

What was expanded in 1903 due to the German Social Reforms?

A

Health Insurance

65
Q

What was the actual reason for the German Social Reforms?

A

To keep the German workers loyal to the state, NOT because they actually wanted to help the working class and improve their living standards.

History: Nazi Germany 1890-1945 (7 decks)

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