12 - The Cell Cycle and Cell Division (C2) Flashcards
What is the name of the region where chromatids join?
Centromere
What does haploid mean?
Having 1 complete set of chromosomes
What does diploid mean?
Having 2 complete sets of chromosomes
What is cytokinesis?
The division of the cytoplasm to form 2 daughter cells
What is the difference between interphase in meiosis 1 and 2?
In meiosis 2 DNA doesn’t replicate
What happens during interphase of mitosis / meiosis 1?
- DNA replicates
- Cell organelles duplicate
- Cell builds the proteins needed for division
Why are interphase and cytokinesis not considered as part of mitosis / meiosis 1?
Because the chromosomes aren’t visible
What happens in prophase of mitosis?
- Chromosomes condense and appear as ‘X’ shaped structures
- Centrioles move to poles
- Spindle fibres start to develop
What is the order of stages in mitosis and meiosis?
- Interphase
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
- Cytokinesis
What happens in metaphase of mitosis?
- Chromosomes move to and line up on equator
- Spindle fibres connect between centriole and centromea
What happens in anaphase of mitosis?
- Spindle fibres shorten
- 1 chromatid is pulled from each chromosome to each pole
- Separating the centromea
What happens in telophase of mitosis?
- Chromosomes uncoil (decondense)
- Spindle fibres break down
- Endo-membranes reform
When does prophase occur in mitosis?
As soon as chromosomes become visible
When does metaphase occur in mitosis?
As soon as nuclear envelope breaks down
When does anaphase occur in mitosis?
As soon as chromatids start to separate