12 - Spatial Behavior

Question 1

topographic memory

Answer 1

ability to orient oneself & to move through space

Question 2

topographic disorientation

Answer 2

• inability to orient oneself in relation to one’s environment
• fail to recognize previously familiar landmarks
• fail to guide spatial behavior

Question 3

retrograde spatial amnesia

Answer 3

people lose ability to navigate in environments that were familiar to them before injury

Question 4

antegrograde spatial amnesia

Answer 4

people lose ability to navigate novel environments

Question 5

egocentric disorientation

Answer 5

• difficulty perceiving the relative location of objects with respect to the self
• due to injury in posterior parietal cortex
• inability to perform mental rotations
• inability to judge distances between objects

Question 6

heading disorientation

Answer 6

• no sense of direction
• injury in R. posterior cingulate cortex

Question 7

landmark agnosia

Answer 7

• inability to use landmarks to guide movement
• bilateral lesions/R. side of occipital lobe

Question 8

anterograde disorientation

Answer 8

-inability to learn about unfamiliar objects by looking at them
- damage in parahippocampal gyrus on R. side

Question 9

spatial distortion deficits

Answer 9

-inability to perceive oneself accurately relative to environment
-damage to medial parietal lobe

Question 10

dual-stream theory

Answer 10

in order for “where” pathway to guide spatial navigation in relation to objects, the 2 pathways synthesize the “what” & the “where” in the frontal lobe

Question 11

“what” pathway

Answer 11

projects through temporal lobes to identify objects

Question 12

“where” pathway

Answer 12

projects to the parietal lobe to guide movement

Question 13

Kravitz 3-Projection Theory

Answer 13

visual information enters parietal cortex & then sends projections to premotor cortex (visually guided action), prefrontal cortex (spatial navigation), & medial temporal lobe (spatial memory)

Question 14

Bálint’s Syndrom

Answer 14

• gaze directs 35-40° to R. of presented visual stimuli

Question 15

route following

Answer 15

• example of spatial behavior
• cue learning
• ex: following a road, moving toward a landmark, reaching for an object

Question 16

piloting

Answer 16

• example of spatial behavior
• place learning
• ability to find a place without a direct cue

Question 17

dead reckoning

Answer 17

• example of spatial behavior
• path integration
• ability to monitor one’s speed, travel time, & directional changes

Question 18

optic ataxia

Answer 18

defective visual control of movement

Question 19

gaze apraxia

Answer 19

inability to direct gaze to targets voluntarily

Question 20

2 aspects of visual function

Answer 20

visual localization

depth perception

Question 21

caching behavior

Answer 21

natural food-caching activity of a species demonstrates hippocampus’ role in spatial behavior