12. Mood Disorders Flashcards
What are the features of depressive disorders?
Core symptoms - low mood, lack of energy, lack enjoyment and interest
Depressive thoughts
Somatic symptoms/biological symptoms
In severe cases may have psychotic symptoms
What are the features of mania?
Elated mood Increased energy Pressure of speech Decreased need for sleep Flight of ideas Normal social inhibitions are lost Attention cannot be sustained
When is the diagnosis made of bipolar affective disorder?
Made following 2 episodes of a mood disorder at least one of whic is mania or hypomania
What is bipolar 1?
Discrete episodes of mania only or mania and depression
What is bipolar 2?
Discrete episodes of hypomania or hypomania and depression
What are the brain structures involved in mood disorders?
Limbic system
Frontal lobe
Basal ganglia
What are the main functions of the limbic system?
Emotion
Motivation
Memory
What are the frontal lobe functions?
Motor function Language Executive functions Attention Memory Mood Social and moral reasoning
What are the 2 main neurotransmitters for depressive disorders?
Serotonin
Noradrenaline
What is serotonin thought to have roles in?
Sleep
Impulse control
Appetite
Mood
What are the biological treatments for depression?
First line - selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Others - SNRIs, TCAs
Lifethreatening/treatment resistant - ECT
What is the psychological treatment of depression?
First line treatment for depression - CBT
What are the biological treatments for mania?
First line - antipsychotics
Alternatively - mood stabiliser
What are the biological treatments of bipolar depression?
Can use antidepressant but only with mood stabiliser cover
ECT
Lithium
How is stability maintained in bipolar disorder?
Mood stabilisers - lithium, sodium valproate
Antipsychotic
CBT
Psychoeducation
