1. Topography

Question 1

What is grey matter composed of?

Answer 1

Cell bodies and dendrites

Highly vascularised

Question 2

What is white matter composed of?

Answer 2

Axons with their supporting cells

Question 3

What is a nucleus in grey matter?

Answer 3

Collection of functionally related cell bodies

Question 4

What is the cortex in grey matter?

Answer 4

Folded sheet of cell bodies found on the surface of a brain structure (1-5mm thick)

Question 5

What are fibres in white matter?

Answer 5

An axon in association with its supporting cells

Question 6

What are association fibres?

Answer 6

Connect cortical regions within same hemisphere

Question 7

What are commissural fibres?

Answer 7

Connect left and right hemispheres or cord halves

Question 8

What are projection fibres?

Answer 8

Connect cerebral hemispheres with cord/brainstem and vice versa

Question 9

What is the midbrain generally responsible for?

Answer 9

Eye movements and reflex responses to sound and vision

Question 10

What is the pons function?

Answer 10

Feeding

Sleep

Question 11

What is the medulla function?

Answer 11

Cardiovascular and respiratory centres

Contains a major motor pathway

Question 12

What does the precentral gyrus contain?

Answer 12

Primary motor cortex

Question 13

What does the post central gyrus contain?

Answer 13

Primary sensory cortex

Question 14

What is the optic chasm?

Answer 14

A site where fibres in the visual system cross over

Question 15

What is the uncus?

Answer 15

Part of the temporal lobe that can herniate, compressing the midbrain
Important olfactory role

Question 16

What is the parahippocampal gyrus?

Answer 16

Key cortical region for memory encoding

Question 17

What is the cingulate gyrus?

Answer 17

Cortical area important for emotion and memory

Question 18

What is the fornix?

Answer 18

Major output pathway from hippocampus

Question 19

What is the tectum?

Answer 19

Dorsal part of the midbrain involved in involuntary responses to auditory and visual stimuli

Question 20

What is the cerebellar tonsil?

Answer 20

Part of cerebellum that can herniate and compress the medulla

Question 21

How much CSF is produced by the choroid plexus per day?

Answer 21

600-700ml

Question 22

Where is CSF produced?

Answer 22

Choroid plexus in each of the ventricles

Question 23

Describe the route of CSF after it is produced

Answer 23

Most produced in lateral ventricles
From there, CSF circulates through interventricular foramen into third ventricle
CSF drains from third ventricle to fourth ventricle via cerebral aqueduct
Then drains from fourth ventricle into subarachnoid space via lateral and median apertures
CSF moves around superficial surfaces of brain and spinal cord before being reabsorbed in granulations

Question 24

How many segments are there in the spinal cord?

Answer 24

Around 31

Question 25

What does each segment of the spinal cord connect to?

Answer 25

Spinal (mixed) nerve through dorsal (sensory) and ventral (motor) roots

Question 26

What is a funiculus?

Answer 26

A segment of white matter containing multiple distinct tracts
Impulses travel in multiple directions

Question 27

What is a tract?

Answer 27

An anatomically and functionally defined white matter pathway connecting two distinct regions of grey matter
Impulses travel in one direction

Question 28

What is a fasciculus?

Answer 28

A subdivision of a tract supplying a distinct region of the body