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Science 42 > 12: Materials > Flashcards

12: Materials Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Elastic deformation?

A

Temporary change material shape, will return to original shape when constraint is removed.

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2
Q

What is Plastic deformation?

A

Permanent change in material shape

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3
Q

What is Fracture deformation?

A

Material under so much pressure that it will break

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4
Q

⥗⥒ ? Example

A

Const. Shearing, cut/tear material. Ex: Scissor on paper

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5
Q

⇨|
|⇦ ? Example
⇨|

A

Const. Deflection, bending material Ex: Gymnastics uneven bars

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6
Q

⇦⇨ ? Example

A

Const. Tension, stretching material. Ex: tug of war with rope

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7
Q

⇨⇦ ? Example

A

Const. Compression, crushing material. Ex: squeezing wet sponge

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8
Q

⤺

⤻ ? Example

A

Const. Torsion, twisting material. Ex: Wringing wet towel

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9
Q

What is Brittle + example

A

Mech. property, material breaks under force. Ex: chalk, glassware

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10
Q

What is Malleability + example

A

Mech. property, can be bent, flattened, reshaped without breaking. Ex: hockey stick, play doh

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11
Q

What is Ductility + example

A

Mech. property, can be stretched, will not return to original shape or breaking. Ex: metal

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12
Q

What is Elasticity + example

A

Mech. property, can be stretched, will return to original shape and will not break. Ex: rubber band

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13
Q

What is Resilience + example

A

Mech. property, resists shock without breaking. Ex: hammering a nail

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14
Q

What is Hardness + example

A

Mech. property, resists dents, scratches, abrasions. Ex: diamond

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15
Q

What is Stiffness + example

A

Mech. property, retains shape when subjected to various constraints. Ex: cement

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16
Q

What is Corrosion Resistance +. example

A

Property, resists corrosive material, having oxygen, to produce an oxide, more chemically stable than original substance. Ex: water rusting a bike in the winter

17
Q

What is Permeability + example

A

Property, material allowing fluids to absorb or pass through. Ex: raincoat

18
Q

Example of Thermal and Electrical conductors

A

T: metals
E: copper

19
Q

What is the importance of mechanical properties?

A

Helps determine how a material will react to different mechanical constraints, make better decisions on material choice when making stuff

20
Q

What are the 2 types of wood? Why are they ideal?

A

Hard (deciduous trees) soft (coniferous); hard, elastic, resilient, tough; low thermal/electrical conductors; light

21
Q

What is modified wood?

A

Thermally treated wood to increase ductility, often mixed with other substances

22
Q

What are ceramics?

A

Heated inorganic raw materials usually containing oxides (ex clay, water). Bonds between compounds rearrange when heated.
Ex: brick, glass, tile, ducts

23
Q

What are properties of ceramics?

A
  • Low electrical/thermal conductivity
  • Insulators
  • Hard
  • Heat/erosion resistant
24
Q

What are metals and alloys?

A

M: shiny material extracted from ores, good thermal/electrical conductors, ductile/malleable (Fe, Al)
A: mix of metal with other substances, metallic or not, ferrous (iron) or non-ferrous, used to give greater strength/corrosion resistance

25
Q

What are plastics?

A

Made from fossil fuels (petroleum, natural gas), good insulators, some as strong as metal, composed of polymers

26
Q

Thermoplastic vs thermosetting plastics

A

Thermoplastic: can be heated and reshaped (recyclable)
Thermoset: remains permanently hard (non-recyclable_

27
Q

Composite

A

Combined materials to obtain a material of stronger properties; matrix (skeleton) + reinforcement (strengthens)

28
Q

Quench hardening vs tempering (metals/alloys)

A

QH: hardens but makes more brittle
T: tougher and less elastic

29
Q

List ways to avoid the degradation of materials

A

Coating (varnish, paint, grease, resin VS metals)
Heating
Adding antioxidants
Adding uv-ray absorbants

Science 42 (9 decks)

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