11: Genetics (EST)

Question 1

What is a character trait?

Answer 1

Physical, physiological, pyschological attribute (eye colour, ear shape, metabolism, etc)

Question 2

What is chromatin?

Answer 2

Mass of DNA combined with proteins inside of nucleus, has not divided

Question 3

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 3

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 4

What is a chromosomes? How many in humans?

Answer 4

Divided chromatin, 46 (23n)

Question 5

How are chromosomes classed?

Answer 5

According to karyotype (grouping by size)

Question 6

What are the female and male chromosomes?

Answer 6

Female: XX (homologous)
Male: XY (non-homologous)

Question 7

Describe DNA

Answer 7

Double helix made up of nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base A, C, T or G)

Question 8

What is a gene?

Answer 8

DNA segment containing information to make proteins

Question 9

Define allele

Answer 9

Possible gene formation, each having a different nucleotide sequence

Question 10

Correlation between alleles, genes, chromosomes

Answer 10

Though a homologous chromosome pair may have the same gene, the alleles (way it is formed) may be different

Question 11

Homo- vs hetero- zygote

Answer 11

Homo: 2 identical alleles for a trait/gene
Hetero: 2 opposite alleles for a trait/gene

Question 12

How is an allele chosen?

Answer 12

Dominant > recessive

Question 13

Geno- vs pheno- type

Answer 13

Geno: all alleles for a trait
Pheno: allele expressed (dominant)

Question 14

What is heredity?

Answer 14

Traits being passed down generations