[12] FINALS | DT FOR DM

Question 1

DIABETES MELLITUS

Metabolic disorders characterized by:

• Elevated ____ concentrations
• Disordered ____ metabolism

These impairments result:

• Defective glucose uptake and utilization in muscle and adipose cells
• Unrestrained glucose production in the ____

Answer 1

Metabolic disorders characterized by:

• Elevated blood glucose concentrations
• Disordered insulin metabolism

These impairments result:

• Defective glucose uptake and utilization in muscle and adipose cells
• Unrestrained glucose production in the liver

Question 2

Pregnancy can lead to abnormal glucose tolerance and the condition known as ____, which often resolves after pregnancy but is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes can also be caused by medical conditions that damage the pancreas or interfere with insulin function

Answer 2

Pregnancy can lead to abnormal glucose tolerance and the condition known as gestational diabetes, which often resolves after pregnancy but is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes can also be caused by medical conditions that damage the pancreas or interfere with insulin function

Question 3

TYPE 1 DIABETES

• ____% to ____% of diabetes cases
• Autoimmune destruction of p____ (produces insulin)
• The cause for the autoimmune attack is u____
• G____ susceptibility for the disorder
• Develops during childhood or adolescence

Answer 3

• 5% to 10% of diabetes cases
• Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells (produces insulin)
• The cause for the autoimmune attack is unknown
• Genetic susceptibility for the disorder
• Develops during childhood or adolescence

Question 4

TYPE 1 - SYMPTOMS

• p____
• p____
• weight loss
• weakness or fatigue
• K____— due to the excessive production of ketone bodies—is sometimes the first sign of disease

Answer 4

• polyuria
• polydipsia
• weight loss
• weakness or fatigue
• Ketoacidosis— due to the excessive production of ketone bodies—is sometimes the first sign of disease

Question 5

TYPE 2 DIABETES

• ____% to ____% of cases
• I____, the reduced sensitivity to insulin in muscle, adipose, and liver cells with insulin deficiency
• Incidence of h____
• Cause is uknown, but increased by o____, a____, and p____
• G____ factors are stongly influence risk
• Prevalent in African Americans. Asian Americans, Hispanic, Native Americans, Pacific Islanders

Answer 5

• 90% to 95% of cases
• Insulin resistance, the reduced sensitivity to insulin in muscle, adipose, and liver cells with insulin deficiency
• Incidence of hyperinsulinemia
• Cause is uknown, but increased by obesity, aging, and physical inactivity
• Genetic factors are stongly influence risk
• Prevalent in African Americans. Asian Americans, Hispanic, Native Americans, Pacific Islanders

Question 6

GESTATIONAL DIABETES

• Women with family history of diabetes, high-risk ethnic group, or have previously given birth to infant over ____ pounds
• Tested at ____ weeks of gestation
• W____ is not recommended during pregnancy
• For overweight or obese women, modest caloric reduction (about ____%) improves glycemic control
• Limit CHO intake to ____%
• CHO intake is restricted at b____, and spaced out throughout the day

Answer 6

• Women with family history of diabetes, high-risk ethnic group, or have previously given birth to infant over 9 pounds
• Tested at 24-28 weeks of gestation
• Weight loss is not recommended during pregnancy
• For overweight or obese women, modest caloric reduction (about 30%) improves glycemic control
• Limit CHO intake to 40-45%
• CHO intake is restricted at breakfast, and spaced out throughout the day

Question 7

MANAGEMENT

• I____
• Regular exercise
• Avoid s____
• Healthy eating

Answer 7

• Insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents
• Regular exercise
• Avoid stress factors
• Healthy eating