12. Dyspnea DSAs Flashcards
Dyspnea is the most common symptom associated with HF. Heart: caused by pericardial tamponade, constrictive pericarditis
Pulm: PE, pulmonary arterial HTN, pulm vasculitis, hyperventilation and hypoxemia
Resp: asthma, COPD, bronchospasm, hypoxemia, ,and what?
hypercapnia d/t V/Q(p) mismatch
Risk factors of heart failure include diabetes (2-4x inc for CVD) hyperlipidemia, hypertension, metabolic syndrome smoking and a positive?
family history
HF signs/sx include weakness, fatigue, SOB, DOE, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, dec exercise tolerance and?
edema**
With HF there may be a S3 gallop due to failing ventricle along with wheeze/cough with pink frothy fluid from pulm capplilaries into alveolar spaces and interstitium, hepatomegaly, crackles (RALES) and what can be seen on the neck?
JVD jugular venous distention
Stage A (AHA) for HF: at risk for HF, no structural heart dz, no sx, 1 year mortalility 5-10%. Stage B: structural heart dz (LVH/Reduced EF) no sx and 1 year mortality at?
5-10%
Stage C has structural heart disease, heart failure sx currently or prior, and a 1 year mortalitly of 15-30%. Stage D is refractory HF, needs biventricular pacemaker, LVAD, tranplants with a 1 year mortality of?
50-60%
NY classificiation:
Class I: no limitation of phys activity, asymptomatic, 1yr mort 5-10%, Class II: slight phys activity limitation, exertional sx, no sx at rest, 1 year mortality of?
15-30%
Class III: marked limitations with phys activity, activity causes sx, no sx at rest, 1 year mort 15-30%, Class IV unable to carry out physical acitivities without sx, SYMPTOMATIC at rest, 1 year mortalitiy of?
50-60%
Renal failure, liver cirrhosis, venous insufficiency of legs/ varicose veins can all do wat?
mimic HF
HFrEF- systolic heart failure: ejection fraction less than 40%, dec ventricular emptying, hypoperfusion, weak fatigued, dec exercise tolerance, DOE, orthopnea, PND S3 gallop seen in how many cases?
50%
HFpEF is diastolic heart failure: EF is preserved/normal, inabailitly of ventricle to relax = inc. stiffness not allowing ventricle to completely fill, SOB, DOE and what can be seen
Pulmonary edema
What type of HF is due to acute MI, ruptured papillary muscle, mitral regurg, aortic insufficiency or toxins?
Acute HF
What type of HF is due to progesses slowly, decompensation, valvular heart disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, edema and weight gain?
Chronic HF
What type of HF is characterized by EF reduced, with high cardiac output- hyperthyroidism, pregnancy, anemia, beriberi, pagets?
High output HF
What type of HF is due to ischemic heart disease, HT, dilated cardiomyopathy, valvular and pericardial disease?
Low output HF
