12. Collective entrepreneurship-1 Flashcards
What did Mazzucato argue?
That innovation is the product of collective efforts
Who argued that entrepreneurship is individualist? And what did Mazzucato and Negri argue?
(1) Homo oeconomicus, Austrian School, Knight, Schumpeter. Mazzucato: focuses on state efforts
Negri: collective entrepreneurship by ‘the multitude’
What is autoriduzione according to Negri?
Workers in the factories reduced their own wages or prices of goods without consent of the employer
How does self-interest relate to individualism in the state of nature?
Self-interest does not entail individualism; enlighted self-interest is collectivist
What does Negri argue?
That innovation is driven by collective efforts and cooperation of individuals, without heavy reliance on the state
Why is Shanzhai a good example of Negri’s concept of entrepreneurship?
Shanzhai is a family-run business that innovates collectively, avoids capitalist privatization, and operates spontaneously
What is the ‘tragedy of the commons’ according to Ostrom?
Overuse and depletion of common goods due to individual self-interest
What solution does Hardin propose for the tragedy of the commons?
Privatization of lands
What does Ostrom argue about managing commons?
Commons can be managed sustainably through collective cooperation
What is Ostrom’s model of self-organized collective action?
Individuals act beyond short-term private interest, and stakeholders join forces.
What are the requirements for successful collective action according to Ostrom?
Collective rules and commitment to the collective without free-riding.
What is an example of Ostrom’s model in practice?
Cooperatives.
What is an example of Ostrom’s self-organized collective action model?
Food co-ops, where multiple stakeholders join forces collectively and voluntarily.
What ownership model do food co-ops represent?
Commons or collective private ownership.
What are the necessities of Common Pool Resources (CPR)?
1) Clear group boundaries
2) Production methods adapted to local conditions
3) Participatory decision-making process
4) Effective monitoring
5) Sanctions for violators of community rules
6) Mechanisms of conflict resolution
7) Higher-level recognition of local autonomy
8) Layers of nested enterprises if the community grows too large
Ostrom
