12-business

Question 1

Edge

Answer 1

An advantage

Question 2

Reputation

Answer 2

The general opinion about something or someone

آبرو، شهرت

Question 3

Sound

Answer 3

Healthy; without financial risk

Question 4

Afloat

Answer 4

Having enough money to pay what you owe

Question 5

Inevitably

Answer 5

Certainly; to be expected

Question 6

Tip

Answer 6

A piece of advice

Question 7

Initial

Answer 7

First; beginning

Question 8

Inferior

Answer 8

not good, or not as good as someone or something else OPP superior:
wine of inferior quality

Question 9

Project

Answer 9

Pro-JEKT; v: to estimate, calculate a future amount
PRO-Jekt; n: a task

Question 10

Conglomerate /kənˈɡlɒmərət/

Answer 10

[countable] a large business organization consisting of several different companies that have joined together:
an international conglomerate

Question 11

Committed

Answer 11

willing to work very hard at something SYN dedicated
تعهد

Question 12

Clientele

Answer 12

all the people who regularly use a shop, restaurant etc:
The restaurant attracts a young clientele.

Question 13

Fleeting

Answer 13

Brief; ending quickly
lasting for only a short time SYN brief:
a fleeting smile
For one fleeting moment, Paula allowed herself to forget her troubles.

Question 14

Bond

Answer 14

Connection
Brand loyalty is a psychological bond.

Question 15

Spurious

Answer 15

a spurious statement, argument etc is not based on facts or good thinking and is likely to be incorrect:
He demolished the Opposition’s spurious arguments.
Fake

Question 16

Staple

Answer 16

A basic household item

Question 17

Forge

Answer 17

Verb form
1[transitive] to develop something new, especially a strong relationship with other people, groups, or countries SYN form
forge a relationship/alliance/link etc (with somebody)
In 1776 the United States forged an alliance with France.
The two women had forged a close bond.
Back in the 1980s, they were attempting to forge a new kind of rock music.
2[transitive] to illegally copy something, especially something printed or written, to make people think that it is real → counterfeit:
Someone stole my credit card and forged my signature.
a forged passport

Question 18

Endorsement

Answer 18

Public support for something

Question 19

Status

Answer 19

Social position

Question 20

Perceive

Answer 20

to understand or think of something or someone in a particular way → perception
perceive something/somebody as something
Even as a young woman she had been perceived as a future chief executive

درک کردن

Question 21

Defect

Answer 21

a fault or a lack of something that means that something or someone is not perfect:
All the cars are tested for defects before they leave the factory.
a genetic defect

Question 22

Outperform

Answer 22

Perform better than

Question 23

Prevail

Answer 23

To be common among certain groups; be stronger

1.
prove more powerful or superior.
“it is hard for logic to prevail over emotion”
• be widespread or current in a particular area or at a particular time.
“a friendly atmosphere prevailed among the crowds”
2.
persuade (someone) to do something.
“she was prevailed upon to give an account of her work”

Question 24

Burgeoning

Answer 24

Growing
In China’s burgeoning economy

Question 25

Downturn

Answer 25

[countable usually singular]
a period or process in which business activity, production etc is reduced and conditions become worse OPP upturn:
America’s current economic downturn

Question 26

Recession

Answer 26

a difficult time when there is less trade, business activity etc in a country than usual:
the economic recession of the early 1980s
There is deep recession in the UK.
into/out of recession
attempts to pull the country out of recession
روکود

Question 27

Disposable

Answer 27

1.intended to be thrown away after use.
“disposable nappies”
2. (chiefly of financial assets) readily available for the owner’s use as required.
“he made a mental inventory of his disposable assets”
قابل عرضه

Question 28

Preponderance/n/ prɪˈpɒndərəns $ -ˈpɑːn-/

Answer 28

A large amount
There is a preponderance of female students in the music department.

Question 29

Confront

Answer 29

To face a difficulty

Question 30

Looming/adj/

Answer 30

Nearing, usually said of a threat or difficulty

Question 31

Controversy /n/

Answer 31

A lot of disagreement affecting many people
جدال

Question 32

Opponent

Answer 32

Someone who disagrees and speak out

Question 33

Proponent

Answer 33

Supporter

Question 34

Boon

Answer 34

A benefit; advantage

Question 35

Turnover

Answer 35

The rate at which employees leave and are replaced

Question 36

Coincide

Answer 36

To happen at the same time

Question 37

Epicenter

Answer 37

Central or most important place

Question 38

Enticing/adj/

Answer 38

Attractive

Question 39

Imitation

Answer 39

1[uncountable and countable] when you copy someone else’s actions
by imitation
Many people think that children learn language by imitation.
The remake of ‘Casablanca’ was a pale imitation (=something that is much less good than the thing it imitates) of the original movie.
2[countable] when you copy the way someone speaks or behaves, especially in order to be funny SYN impression:
She acted, she danced, she did imitations.
imitation of
his imitation of an American accent
3[countable] a copy of something
imitation of
She wore an imitation of a sailor’s hat.
imitation fur/pearls/silk/leather etc (=something that looks like an expensive material but is a copy of it)
an imitation fur coat

Question 40

Backfire

Answer 40

if a plan or action backfires, it has the opposite effect to the one you intended:
The company’s new policy backfired when a number of employees threatened to quit.

Question 41

Constant

Answer 41

1happening regularly or all the time SYN continual:
There was a constant stream of visitors to the house.
Amy lived in constant fear of being attacked.
He kept in constant contact with his family while he was in Australia.
2staying the same OPP inconstant:
travelling at a constant speed
3literary loyal and faithful SYN devoted:
a constant friend

Question 42

Compensation

Answer 42

1[uncountable] money paid to someone because they have suffered injury or loss, or because something they own has been damaged
compensation for
compensation for injuries at work
compensation from
She received compensation from the government for the damage caused to her property.
in compensation
The jury awarded Tyler $1.7 million in compensation.
as compensation
The workers were given 30 days’ pay as compensation.
People who are wrongly arrested may be paid compensation.
demand/seek/claim compensation
The parents are seeking compensation for birth defects caused by the drug.
award/grant compensation
The court awarded Jamieson £30,000 compensation.
2[uncountable and countable] something that makes a bad situation better:
One of the few compensations of losing my job was seeing more of my family.
by way of compensation (=in order to make a situation better)
By way of compensation he offered to take her out for a meal.
3[uncountable and countable] when someone behaves in a particular way in order to replace something that is missing or to balance the bad effects of something
compensation for
Linda’s aggressiveness is just a compensation for her feelings of insecurity.
as compensation (for something)
Lip-reading can act as compensation for loss of hearing.
4[uncountable] American English the money someone is paid for doing their job SYN remuneration

Question 43

Inspect

Answer 43

1to examine something carefully in order to find out more about it or to find out what is wrong with it:
I got out of the car to inspect the damage.
Police inspected the scene and interviewed all the staff.
inspect something for something
The police will inspect the venue for safety.
2to make an official visit to a building, organization etc to check that everything is satisfactory and that rules are being obeyed:
The building is regularly inspected by the fire-safety officer.
General Allenby arrived to inspect the troops.

Question 44

Recipient

Answer 44

someone who receives something
recipient of
the recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize

Question 45

Fair

Answer 45

1 (also funfair British English) a form of outdoor entertainment, at which there are large machines to ride on and games in which you can win prizes SYN carnival American English
2American English an outdoor event, at which there are large machines to ride on, games to play, and sometimes farm animals being judged and sold
state/county fair
3book/antiques/craft/trade etc fair an event at which people or businesses show and sell their products:
the Frankfurt Book Fair
an antiques fair
a trade fair (=where companies show their newest products)
a craft fair (=where people sell handmade products such as jewellery, paintings etc)
4job/careers fair an event where people go to get information about different kinds of jobs
5British English an outdoor event with games and things to eat and drink, usually organized to get money for a school, club etc SYN fête
6British English old-fashioned a market where animals and farm products are sold:
a horse fair

Question 46

Initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/

Answer 46

1decisions [uncountable] the ability to make decisions and take action without waiting for someone to tell you what to do:
I wish my son would show more initiative.
Don’t keep asking me for advice. Use your initiative.
Lt. Carlos was not obeying orders. He acted on his own initiative (=he was not told what to do).
2plan [countable] an important new plan or process to achieve a particular aim or to solve a particular problem:
a government initiative to help exporters
an education initiative
initiative for
a new initiative for peace in the Middle East

Question 47

Entitle

Answer 47

1to give someone the official right to do or have something
be entitled to (do) something
Full-time employees are entitled to receive health insurance.
entitle somebody to something
Membership entitles you to the monthly journal.
2be entitled something if a book, play etc is entitled something, that is its name:
a documentary entitled ‘The Price of Perfection’

Question 48

Pro-rata

Answer 48

به نسبت
به تناسب
بهمان نسبت

Question 49

Competence

Answer 49

1[uncountable] (also compe·ten·cy /-tənsi/) the ability to do something well OPP incompetence
competence in
Students will gain competence in a wide range of skills.
competence of
He questioned the competence of the government.
professional/linguistic/technical etc competence
Doctors have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional competence.
2[uncountable] law the legal power of a court of law to hear and judge something in court, or of a government to do something
be within the competence of something
Many legal issues are within the competence of individual states rather than the federal government.
3[countable] (also competency) formal a skill needed to do a particular job:
Typing is considered by most employers to be a basic competence.

صلاحیت

Question 50

Aptitude

Answer 50

natural ability or skill, especially in learning
aptitude for
He has a natural aptitude for teaching.