01-natural World Flashcards

Question

Inhabit

Answer 1

To live in

Answer 2

To interest greatly

Answer 3

A priority An urgent need

Answer 4

To develop and change

Answer 5

(of animals) mate and then produce offspring. To reproduce

Answer 6

Best Most favourable

Answer 7

One half of the earth

Answer 8

Unprotected from the wind

Answer 9

To live under difficult conditions

Answer 10

A part or feature

Answer 11

A difficult act or achievement

Answer 12

Opp, diurnal

Answer 13

To make difficult to see

Answer 14

To leave the correct route To become separated from the group

Answer 15

if you find your niche, you find a job or activity that is very suitable for you:

Answer 16

the distance north or south of the equator (=the imaginary line around the middle of the world), measured in degrees

Answer 17

a place made or chosen by a bird to lay its eggs in and to live in

Answer 18

a large mass of land surrounded by sea

Answer 19

an imaginary line drawn around the middle of the Earth that is exactly the same distance from the North Pole and the South Pole

Answer 20

Opp; Antarctic

Answer 21

the height of an object or place above the sea

Answer 22

the sharply pointed top of a mountain

Answer 23

the large flat areas of land in the north of Russia, Canada etc, where it is very cold and there are no trees

Answer 24

always right

Answer 25

intrinsic eing part of the nature or character of someone or something OPP extrinsic

Answer 26

Very often

Answer 27

Small in number or amount

Answer 28

A sudden or big change

Answer 29

The edge of something

Answer 30

To grow well plants that thrive in tropical rain forests a business which managed to thrive during a recession

Answer 31

Tough Able to endure difficult conditions

Answer 32

Producing a lot of something

Answer 33

The change from liquid to gas

Answer 34

To make weaker by mixing with water

Answer 35

To gradually increase over time انباشتن 1[transitive] to gradually get more and more money, possessions, knowledge etc over a period of time: It is unjust that a privileged few should continue to accumulate wealth. 2[intransitive] to gradually increase in numbers or amount until there is a large quantity in one place: Fat tends to accumulate around the hips and thighs.

Answer 36

Plural; oases 1a place with water and trees in a desert 2a peaceful or pleasant place that is very different from everything around it SYN haven

Answer 37

large in size, amount, or degree

Answer 38

one of the small holes in your skin that liquid, especially sweat, can pass through, or a similar hole in the surface of a plant

Answer 39

the long thin part of a plant, from which leaves, flowers, or fruit grow SYN stalk

Answer 40

a small bush with several woody stems

Answer 41

happening sometimes but not often or regularly

Answer 42

a type of fence or gate that prevents people from moving in a particular direction

Answer 43

the protection of natural things such as animals, plants, forests etc, to prevent them from being spoiled or destroyed SYN preservation → conserve

Answer 44

verb (of insects or animals) be present (in a place or site) in large numbers, typically so as to cause damage or disease. "the house is infested with cockroaches Infestation (noun)

Answer 45

جزرومد

Answer 46

to take food or other substances into your body → digest

Answer 47

resulting in someone’s death

Answer 48

to happen at the same time as something else, especially by chance → coincidence

Answer 49

1a row of small bushes or trees growing close together, usually dividing one field or garden from another 2something that protects you against possible problems, especially financial loss hedge against Buying a house will be a hedge against inflation.

Answer 50

someone whose job is to look after a forest or area of countryside: a park ranger

Answer 51

Opp; predator

Answer 52

1precise information, details etc are exact, clear, and correct SYN exact: precise sales figures It was difficult to get precise information. ‘She’s a lot older than you, isn’t she?’ ‘Fifteen years, to be precise.’ 2[only before noun] used to emphasize that you are referring to an exact thing SYN exact: At that precise moment, her husband walked in. The precise cause of the disease is unknown. the precise location of the ship the precise nature of their agreement 3someone who is precise is very careful about small details or about the way they behave: a precise careful woman with precise movements of his hands

Answer 53

It increases quickly and spreads to many different places تکثیر شدن Computer courses continue to proliferate.

Answer 54

1[sentence adverb] used to add more information to what you have just said, or to introduce a new subject that you have just thought of SYN by the way: Incidentally, where were you born? The wine, incidentally, goes very well with a mature cheese. 2in a way that was not planned, but as a result of something else: Quite incidentally, I got some useful information at the party.

Answer 55

حوضچه

Answer 56

the reappearance and growth of something that was common in the past تجدید حیات resurgence of There has been a resurgence of interest in religion over the last ten years. resurgence in a resurgence in the popularity of 60s music

Answer 57

to express formal support or approval for someone or something تایید

Answer 58

Intentionally از قصد

Answer 59

1intended to be used or accepted for a short time only, until something or someone final can be made or found: an interim report He received an interim payment of £10,000. An interim government was established. 2interim period the period of time between two events: During the interim period, air quality has deteriorated. موقت

Answer 60

a narrow band of strong material that is used to fasten, hang, or hold onto

Answer 61

توده 1a small piece of something solid, without a particular shape: Strain the custard to remove lumps. lump of Melt a lump of butter in your frying-pan. 2a small hard swollen area that sticks out from someone’s skin or grows in their body, usually because of an illness: You should never ignore a breast lump.

Answer 62

باتلاق

Answer 63

Go back to برگشت The city reverted to its former name of St Petersburg. After a few weeks, everything reverted to normal.

Answer 64

Throw away Discard any old cleaning materials. discarded paper

Answer 65

Broken or cracked

Answer 66

خواب زمستانی Hibernate /v/

Answer 67

when something increases in size, range, amount etc SYN growth → expand

Answer 68

ریزش Spill ; pour

Answer 69

formal to arrange things or put them in their places: Chinese vases are disposed around the gallery. dispose of something phrasal verb 1to get rid of something, especially something that is difficult to get rid of: an incinerator built to dispose of toxic waste 2to sell something, especially part of a business: I am still not sure how best to dispose of the shares. 3 formal to deal with something such as a problem or question successfully: Your idea at least disposes of the immediate problem. 4to defeat an opponent: Two goals by Raúl disposed of Barcelona.

Answer 70

To make a place or substance dirty or harmful by putting something such as chemicals or poison in it.

Answer 71

A particular land Rocky terrain

Answer 72

A male horse

Answer 73

A female horse

Answer 74

A young horse colt, filly

Answer 75

1the group of wives or women who lived with a rich or powerful man in some Muslim societies in the past 2part of a Muslim house that is separate from the rest of the house, where only women live

Answer 76

a group of animals of one kind that live and feed together → flock

Answer 77

1 [countable] a continuous noise like the sound of a bee buzz of the buzz of mosquitoes 2[singular] a lot of activity, noise, and excitement buzz of the buzz of conversation and laughter 3[singular] informal a strong feeling of excitement, pleasure, or success, or a similar feeling from drinking alcohol or taking drugs: Playing well gives me a buzz. Neil gets a buzz from drinking one beer. 4give somebody a buzz informal to telephone someone: I’ll give you a buzz on Monday. 5the buzz informal unofficial news or information that is spread by people telling each other → gossip, rumour

Answer 78

1not proud someone who is modest does not want to talk about their abilities or achievements OPP immodest, boastful modest about He was always modest about his role in the Everest expedition. You’re too modest! You’ve been a huge help to us. 2not big not very great, big, or expensive: a modest increase in costs She had saved a modest amount of money. The new service proved a modest success. a modest house with a small garden his modest ambitions 3shy shy about showing your body or attracting sexual interest, because you are easily embarrassed OPP immodest: She was a modest girl, always keeping covered, even in summer. 4clothes old-fashioned modest clothing covers the body in a way that does not attract sexual interest: a modest knee-length dress —modestly adverb: ‘I was just lucky,’ he said modestly. modestly priced meals

Answer 79

فراوان

Answer 80

To explain the meaning of something 1[intransitive and transitive] to translate spoken words from one language into another: They spoke good Spanish, and promised to interpret for me. 2[transitive] to believe that something someone does or something that happens has a particular meaning interpret something as something His refusal to work late was interpreted as a lack of commitment to the company. 3[transitive] to explain the meaning of something: Freud’s attempts to interpret the meaning of dreams 4[transitive] to perform a part in a play, a piece of music etc in a way that shows your feelings about it or what you think it means

Answer 81

a long and difficult journey, made especially on foot as an adventure SYN hike: a lonely trek through the forest

Answer 82

to give a flower or plant pollen so that it can produce seeds: flowers pollinated by bees —pollination /ˌpɒləˈneɪʃən, ˌpɒlɪˈneɪʃən $ ˌpɑː-/ noun [uncountable]

Answer 83

from early morning until night: We worked from dawn to dusk, seven days a week.

Answer 84

plants that are lush grow many leaves and look healthy and strong: a lush green mountainous island The fields were lush with grass and flowers.

Answer 85

1-something you allow somebody [countable] something that you allow someone to have in order to end an argument or a disagreement → concede concession to a policy of no concessions to terrorists The British were not prepared to make any concessions. concession on his readiness to make concessions on many of the issues raised concession from We will try to force further concessions from the government. major/important/substantial concession The committee has won a number of major concessions from the prison authorities. 2- a right [uncountable and countable] a special right that a particular person or group of people is allowed to have, for example by the government or an employer, or the act of giving or allowing something as a right: the ending of tax concessions for home owners the import/export concessions that had been granted to the island concession of the concession of autonomy to the universities 3- price reduction [countable] British English a reduction in the price of tickets, fees etc for certain groups of people, for example old people or children SYN reduction: To qualify for travel concessions you have to be 60. Open daily, adults £4, concessions £2 (=people who have the right to a concession pay £2)

Answer 86

at first glance/sight when you first look at something: At first glance, the place seemed deserted. نگاه برانداز

Answer 87

منقار

Answer 88

if a piece of clothing flares out, it becomes wider at one end flare out The dress flares out from the hips.

Answer 89

منقار

Answer 90

be apt to do something to have a natural tendency to do something SYN tend to: Some of the staff are apt to arrive late on Mondays. 2exactly right for a particular situation or purpose SYN appropriate: ‘Love at first sight’ is a very apt description of how he felt when he saw her.

Answer 91

دندونه

Answer 92

sb’s namesake another person, especially a more famous person, who has the same name as someone: Like his famous namesake, young Washington had a brave, adventurous spirit

Answer 93

o put something or someone in danger SYN endanger: Tax increases now might imperil economic recovery.

Answer 94

if an egg hatches, or if it is hatched, it breaks, letting the young bird, insect etc come out: The eggs take three days to hatch.

Answer 95

1cold or typical of winter → summery: a wintry day wintry showers 2a wintry smile or expression is not very friendly

Answer 96

relating to the regular rising and falling of the sea → tide: tidal currents

Answer 97

1the condition of only just having enough money or food to stay alive: Many of the families are forced to live at the subsistence level. The land provided subsistence and little more. 2subsistence farming/agriculture etc farming that produces just enough food for the farmer to live on, but does not produce enough food to sell to other people 3subsistence allowance/payment etc money that is paid to someone so that they can buy meals, pay for a place to stay etc امرار معاش معیشت

Answer 98

the act of becoming involved in an argument, fight, or other difficult situation in order to change what happens: government intervention to regulate prices مداخله

Answer 99

part of an area a small area of something that is different from the area around it patch of We finally found a patch of grass to sit down on.

Answer 100

when an animal kills and eats another animal

Answer 101

اهدایی

Answer 102

1 a piece of hospital equipment into which very small or weak babies are put to keep them alive and warm 2a heated container for keeping eggs warm until they hatch

Answer 103

تلوتلو خوردن

Answer 104

things that are done to prevent diseases from spreading between people, animals, or crops: Poultry producers have started to adopt strict biosecurity measures.

Answer 105

someone who studies birds

Answer 106

an area where there are large numbers of a rare animal: one of the last strongholds of the European wolf

Answer 107

an animal that only eats plants → carnivore, omnivore —herbivorous /hɜːˈbɪvərəs $ hɜːr-, ɜːr-/ adjective

Answer 108

to increase in degree or strength, or to make something do this: In June the civil war intensified. His mother’s death intensified his loneliness. —intensification /ɪnˌtensəfəˈkeɪʃən, ɪnˌtensɪfəˈkeɪʃən/ noun [singular, uncountable]: an intensification of fighting in the region

Answer 109

1[countable] a group of trees, bushes, or other plants growing very close together clump of a thick clump of grass in a clump The roses were planted in clumps across the park. 2[countable + of] a small mass of something such as earth or mud 3[uncountable] the sound of someone walking with heavy steps: I heard the clump of Ralph’s boots going up the stairs.

Answer 110

1to prepare and use land for growing crops and plants: The land was too rocky to cultivate. 2formal to plant and take care of a particular crop SYN grow: We cultivated maize and watermelons. Register In everyday English, people usually say someone grows a crop rather than cultivates it: They have been growing grapes there for hundreds of years. 3to work hard to develop a particular skill, attitude, or quality: Try to cultivate a more relaxed and positive approach to life. The company has been successful in cultivating a very professional image. 4to make an effort to develop a friendly relationship with someone, especially someone who can help you: Professor Gladwyn would be an acquaintance worth cultivating.

Answer 111

1land or a field that is covered with grass and is used for cattle, sheep etc to feed on: large areas of rough upland pasture the lush pastures of the southern counties 2put something/somebody out to pasture a)to move cattle, horses etc into a field to feed on the grass b)informal to make someone leave their job because you think they are too old to do it well 3pastures new/greener pastures a new and exciting or better job, place, or activity – used humorously: I’d like to say goodbye to Paul who leaves us for pastures new.

Answer 112

relating to growing crops: arable farming arable land (=land that is suitable for growing crops)

Answer 113

جفت گیری

Answer 114

very rarely or almost never: Karen had seldom seen him so angry.

Answer 115

Cover with fur

Answer 116

to look after a person or animal until they are fully grown SYN raise: It’s a good place to rear young children. The birds have been successfully reared in captivity.

Answer 117

شیر دادن

Answer 118

to gradually stop feeding a baby or young animal on its mother’s milk and start giving it ordinary food wean somebody onto something It’s time to start weaning her onto solid foods.

Answer 119

1to run very fast for a short distance → jog sprint along/across/up etc Bill sprinted up the steps. 2to ride, swim etc very fast for a short distance

Answer 120

1the time it takes to receive something, deal with it and send it back, especially on a plane, ship etc: The average turnaround for a passport application is six working days. We must reduce costs and shorten turnaround times. 2a complete change from a bad situation to a good one turnaround in the remarkable turnaround in our economy

Answer 121

Verb form 1to treat someone unfairly by asking them to do things for you, but giving them very little in return – used to show disapproval: Homeworkers can easily be exploited by employers. 2to try to get as much as you can out of a situation, sometimes unfairly: The violence was blamed on thugs exploiting the situation. 3to use something fully and effectively: The new TV companies are fully exploiting the potential of satellite transmission. 4to develop and use minerals, forests, oil etc for business or industry: the urgent need to exploit the resources of the Irish Sea —exploitable adjective —exploiter noun [countable] بهره برداری

Answer 122

to prevent someone from doing what they are trying to do: Fierce opposition thwarted the government’s plans. thwarted ambition

Answer 123

شخم زدن

Answer 124

1able to move quickly and easily: Dogs are surprisingly agile. 2someone who has an agile mind is able to think very quickly and intelligently: He was physically strong and mentally agile. —agility /əˈdʒɪləti, əˈdʒɪlɪti/ noun [uncountable]: With surprising agility, Karl darted across the road.

Answer 125

مرداب

Answer 126

1[uncountable] suffering or death caused by lack of food → hunger: people dying of starvation 2starvation diet informal when you eat very little food, especially to become thinner 3starvation wages extremely low wages

Answer 127

1very much or a lot SYN considerably: substantially higher prices The deer population has increased substantially in recent years. 2used to say that in many ways something is true, the same, different etc SYN essentially: There are one or two minor differences, but they’re substantially the same text.

Answer 128

1a robust person is strong and healthy: a robust man of six feet four 2a robust system, organization etc is strong and not likely to have problems: The formerly robust economy has begun to weaken. 3a robust object is strong and not likely to break SYN sturdy: a robust metal cabinet 4showing determination or strong opinions: a typically robust performance by the Prime Minister 5robust food or flavours have a good strong taste: a robust cheese —robustly adverb —robustness noun [uncountable]

Answer 129

connected with beauty and the study of beauty: From an esthetic point of view, it’s a nice design. a work of great aesthetic appeal —aesthetically /-kli/ adverb: aesthetically pleasing