05-job Flashcards
1
Q
Sensible
A
reasonable, practical, and showing good judgement
2
Q
Venture /ˈventʃə $ -ər/
A
a new business activity that involves taking risks
3
Q
Torn
A
past participle of tear
split by being pulled or pierced with a sharp implement.
“he’s wearing a torn jacket”
4
Q
Wrinkle /ˈrɪŋkəl/
A
1wrinkles are lines on your face and skin that you get when you are old:
Her face was a mass of wrinkles.
2a small untidy fold in a piece of clothing or paper SYN crease:
She walked over to the bed and smoothed out the wrinkles.
3iron out the wrinkles to solve the small problems in something
—wrinkly adjective:
5
Q
Frayed clothing
A
if cloth or other material frays, or if something frays it, the threads become loose because the material is old
6
Q
Contingency /kənˈtɪndʒənsi/
A
an event or situation that might happen in the future, especially one that could cause problems:
a contingency plan
Add up your outgoings, putting on a bit more for contingencies.
Probability
احتمال وقوع
تصادفی
7
Q
Loafer
A
1Loafer trademark a flat leather shoe that does not need to be fastened onto your foot
2someone who is lazy and does nothing when they should be working
8
Q
Stockings
A
a thin close-fitting piece of clothing that covers a woman’s leg and foot
9
Q
Tasteful
A
made, decorated, or chosen with good taste:
tasteful furnishings
► Do not confuse with tasty. Use tasty to describe food that tastes good: This food is really tasty.
—tastefully adverb:
tastefully decorated
—tastefulness noun [uncountable]
10
Q
Cologne /kəˈləʊn $ -ˈloʊn/
A
Perfume
11
Q
Excessive
A
much more than is reasonable or necessary:
his excessive drinking
$15 for two beers seems a little excessive.
12
Q
Faith
A
1trust/confidence in somebody/something [uncountable] a strong feeling of trust or confidence in someone or something
have faith (in somebody/something)
I still have faith in him.
‘Have faith, Alexandra,’ he said.
lose faith (in somebody/something)
The public has lost faith in the government.
destroy/restore sb’s faith (in somebody/something)
It’s really helped restore my faith in human nature.
2religion
a)[uncountable] belief and trust in God:
deep religious faith
faith in
my faith in God
b)[countable] one of the main religions in the world:
People from all faiths are welcome.
13
Q
Declare
A
state officially
اعلام
14
Q
Entitlement
A
the official right to have or do something, or the amount that you have a right to receive
entitlement to
Do you need advice on your entitlement to state benefits?
benefit/holiday/pension etc entitlement
The paid holiday entitlement is 25 days.
استحقاق
15
Q
Trainee
A
someone who is being trained for a job:
The trainees start next week.
16
Q
Analyst
A
someone whose job is to think about something carefully in order to understand it, and often to advise other people about it:
Political analysts expect the Conservatives to win.
investment/financial/business analyst
Cleary has been working as a computer analyst in Winchester.
17
Q
Outset
A
at/from the outset at or from the beginning of an event or process → set out:
It was clear from the outset that there were going to be problems.
18
Q
Scheme
A
Program
19
Q
Subsidize/subsidise
A
if a government or organization subsidizes a company, activity etc, it pays part of its costs
یارانه
20
Q
Sabbatical
A
فرصت مطالعاتی
21
Q
Apprenticeship
A
the job of being an apprentice, or the period of time in which you are an apprentice:
He’s serving an apprenticeship as a printer.
a five-year apprenticeship
22
Q
Credential
A
اعتبارنامه
23
Q
Assess
A
to make a judgment about a person or situation after thinking carefully about it SYN judge
24
Q
Accredited
A
having official approval to do something, especially because of having reached an acceptable standard
25
Integrate
to become part of a group or society and be accepted by them, or to help someone do this
integrate (somebody) into/with something
We’re looking for people who can integrate with a team.
26
Replica
an exact copy of something, especially a building, a gun, or a work of art
replica of
an exact replica of the Taj Mahal
27
Indicate
to show that a particular situation exists, or that something is likely to be true
indicate (that)
Research indicates that over 81% of teachers are dissatisfied with their salary.
28
Cramp (v)
to prevent the development of someone or something SYN hinder, restrict:
Stricter anti-pollution laws may cramp economic growth.
29
Procedure /prəˈsiːdʒə $ -ər/
دستورالعمل
30
Orientation
the type of activity or subject that a person or organization seems most interested in and gives most attention to
گرایش
جهت
31
Delegation
نماینده
32
Orient
the Orient the eastern part of the world, especially China and Japan
33
Probation /prəˈbeɪʃən $ proʊ-/
a period of time, during which an employer can see if a new worker is suitable:
a three month probation period
34
Executive
1relating to the job of managing a business or organization and making decisions:
a commission with executive powers
executive body/committee etc (=a group of people who have the power to make decisions)
2for the use of people who have important jobs in a company:
the executive dining-room
3expensive and designed for people who earn a lot of money
executive cars/homes etc
executive toys (=objects to play with at work)
35
Statutory /ˈstætʃətəri, ˈstætʃʊtəri $ -tɔːri/
fixed or controlled by law SYN mandatory:
statutory employment rights
She’s below the statutory age for school attendance.
—statutorily adverb
36
Implement
to take action or make changes that you have officially decided should happen
انجام
37
Distribute
to share things among a group of people, especially in a planned way SYN give out
distribute something among/to somebody
Clothes and blankets have been distributed among the refugees.
38
Interpersonal
relating to relationships between people:
interpersonal skills
interpersonal communication
39
Promptly
On time
40
Compiled
To make a book, list, record etc, using different pieces of information, music etc
تدوین کردن
گردآوری کردن
41
Reduction
Decrease
42
Concession
امتیاز
اعطا
43
Complimentary
Free
44
Disposed
1be well/favourably/kindly disposed (to/towards somebody/something) to like or approve of someone or something:
Management is favourably disposed to the idea of job-sharing.
2be/feel/seem etc disposed to do something formal to want or be willing to do something SYN inclined:
Jon disagreed, but did not feel disposed to argue.
3be disposed to something formal to have a tendency towards something SYN inclined:
a man disposed to depression
45
Behalf
instead of someone, or as their representative:
She asked the doctor to speak to her parents on her behalf.
از طرف
46
Retractable
a retractable part of something can be pulled back into the main part:
a knife with a retractable blade
جمع شدنی
47
Tuition /tjuˈɪʃən $ tu-/
teaching, especially in small groups:
I had to have extra tuition in maths.
2American English, tuition fees British English the money you pay for being taught:
When I started college, tuition was $350 a quarter.
48
Appliance /əˈplaɪəns/
a piece of equipment, especially electrical equipment, such as a cooker or washing machine, used in people’s homes
49
Chamber
محفظه
اتاق
50
Grant
an amount of money given to someone, especially by the government, for a particular purpose
51
Deceptive
گول زننده
فریبنده
52
Rigorous
careful, thorough, and exact:
a rigorous analysis of defence needs
53
Testimony
1a formal statement saying that something is true, especially one a witness makes in a court of law:
Barker’s testimony is crucial to the prosecution’s case.
In his testimony, he denied that the company had ignored safety procedures.
2a fact or situation that shows or proves very clearly that something exists or is true
be a testimony to/of something
These results are a testimony to the coach’s skill and hard work.
54
Declare
اعلام کردن
اظهار کردن
55
Opt
to choose one thing or do one thing instead of another
انتخاب کردن
56
Fortification
1[uncountable] the process of making something stronger or more effective
2fortifications [plural] towers, walls etc built around a place in order to protect it or defend it:
a site of ancient fortifications dating from about 500 B.C.
57
Amenity
something that makes a place comfortable or easy to live in:
The hotel is in the city centre, close to shops and local amenities.
58
Revise
[transitive] to change something because of new information or ideas:
The college has revised its plans because of local objections.
We have revised our estimates of population growth.
revise something upwards/downwards
Forecasts of economic growth are being revised downwards.
2[intransitive and transitive] British English to study facts again, in order to learn them before an examination SYN review, study American English:
I’ve got to revise my geography.
59
Strengthen
Opp; weaken
60
Shrink
1[intransitive and transitive] to become smaller, or to make something smaller, through the effects of heat or water:
I’m worried about washing that shirt in case it shrinks.
→ pre-shrunk, shrunken
2[intransitive and transitive] to become or to make something smaller in amount, size, or value OPP grow:
The city continued to shrink.
61
Applicant
متقاضی
62
Applicant
someone who has formally asked, usually in writing, for a job, university place etc → apply
63
Initiate
آغاز کردن
64
Dominant
Predominant
غالب
برتر
65
Consultative
providing advice and suggesting solutions to problems:
a consultative document
66
Recruit
Someone recently join an organization, team, group
استخدام شدن
67
Outline
Main idea or fact
68
Reap
بدست آوردن
69
Readjust
To get used to a new situation, job, or way of life
70
Hurdle
Obstacle
71
Punctual
Be on time
72
Dummy
a dummy tool, weapon, vehicle etc is made to look like a real one but you cannot use it SYN replica
ساختگی- مصنوعی
73
Possess /pəˈzes/ verb
to have a particular quality or ability:
Different workers possess different skills
متصرف بودن
74
Intensify
To increase in degree or strength or to make something to this
75
Volatile /ˈvɒlətaɪl $ ˈvɑːlətl/
opp, Stable
76
Accomplish
Achieve
77
Bestow
formal to give someone something of great value or importance
bestow something on/upon somebody
honours bestowed on him by the Queen
اعطا کردن
78
Fraternity
a feeling of friendship between members of a group:
fraternity between nations
79
Pacifist
someone who believes that wars are wrong and who refuses to use violence
—pacifist adjective [only before noun]:
the pacifist movement
80
Deterrent
1something that makes someone less likely to do something, by making them realize it will be difficult or have bad results:
The small fines for this type of crime do not act as much of a deterrent.
بازدارنده
81
Sought
Pp; seek
82
Recruitment
استخدام
83
Applicant
Someone who apply for job
84
Perk
مزایا
85
Drowsy
Sleepy
86
Posture
حالت بدن
87
Vary
Differ
88
Disorientating
Confuse
89
Faculty
1-[countable] a department or group of related departments within a university → school
faculty of
the Faculty of Law
the Engineering Faculty
2-[uncountable and countable] American English all the teachers in a university:
Both faculty and students oppose the measures.
3-[countable usually plural] a natural ability, such as the ability to see, hear, or think clearly:
the patient’s mental faculties
in full possession of all your faculties (=able to see, hear, think etc in the normal way)
faculty of
the faculty of sight
4-[countable] formal a particular skill that someone has SYN talent
faculty for
She had a great faculty for absorbing information.
90
Fiddling
جزئی
91
Applause
تشویق
92
Subsidiary
connected with, but less important than, something else SYN secondary:
a subsidiary hypothesis
subsidiary to
All other issues are subsidiary to this one.
93
Handout
a piece of paper with information, which is given to people who are attending a lesson, meeting etc:
Please read the handout.
94
Substitute
جایگزین
95
Curriculum vitae
Cv
96
Brevity
اختصار
اجماع
97
Convey
انتقال
رساندن
98
Perplex
Puzzle
99
Nuisance /ˈnjuːsəns $ ˈnuː-/
a person, thing, or situation that annoys you or causes problems
a real/awful/terrible etc nuisance
The dogs next door are a real nuisance.
100
Irritate
Make someone angry
101
Recruitment
استخدام
102
Florist
گل فروشی
103
Squash
Press
104
Hassle
1[uncountable and countable] spoken something that is annoying, because it causes problems or is difficult to do:
I don’t feel like cooking tonight, it’s too much hassle.
It’s such a hassle not having a washing machine.
2[countable] American English informal an argument between two people or groups:
hassles with the management
105
Delegate
someone who has been elected or chosen to speak, vote, or take decisions for a group → representative:
Around 350 delegates attended the conference.
106
Ample
1- more than enough
SYN sufficient
OPP insufficient
ample time/evidence/opportunity
You’ll have ample time for questions later.
There is ample evidence that climate patterns are changing.
ample room/space etc
She found ample room for her things in the wardrobe.
2 -literary large in a way that is attractive or pleasant:
an ample bosom
—amply adverb:
Recent US history has amply demonstrated the risks of foreign intervention.
107
Provisional
likely or able to be changed in the future:
a provisional government
We accept provisional bookings by phone.
—provisionally adverb:
The meeting has been provisionally arranged for the end of May.
موقت
108
Gauge /ɡeɪdʒ/
1to judge how people feel about something or what they are likely to do
gauge whether/what/how etc
It is difficult to gauge what the other party’s next move will be.
I looked at Chris, trying to gauge his reaction.
2to measure or calculate something by using a particular instrument or method:
The thermostat will gauge the temperature and control the heat.
109
Fulfil
برآورد کردن
110
Appraisal /əˈpreɪzəl/
1[uncountable and countable] a statement or opinion judging the worth, value, or condition of something
appraisal of
It needed a calmer appraisal of her situation.
a critical appraisal of the existing facilities
2[countable] a meeting between a manager and a worker to discuss the quality of someone’s work and how well they do their job
111
Dedication
[uncountable] hard work or effort that someone puts into a particular activity because they care about it a lot:
To reach a high level of skill requires talent, dedication, and a lot of hard work.
112
Cautious
careful to avoid danger or risks → caution:
a cautious driver
113
Warden
نگهبان
114
Aviation /ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən/
1the science or practice of flying in aircraft
2the industry that makes aircraft
115
Tandem
1a bicycle built for two riders sitting one behind the other
2in tandem doing something together or at the same time as someone or something else:
The two companies often work in tandem.
in tandem with
The group operated in tandem with local criminals.
116
Deem
to think of something in a particular way or as having a particular quality SYN consider
deem that
They deemed that he was no longer capable of managing the business.
117
Advisable
something that is advisable should be done in order to avoid problems or risks OPP inadvisable:
Regular medical check-ups are advisable.
It is advisable to write a career objective at the start of your resume.
—advisability /ədˌvaɪzəˈbɪləti, ədˌvaɪzəˈbɪlɪti/ noun [uncountable]
118
Accentuate /əkˈsentʃueɪt/
to make something more noticeable:
The photograph seemed to accentuate his large nose.
—accentuation /əkˌsentʃuˈeɪʃən/ noun [uncountable and countable]
119
Premise
1premises [plural] the buildings and land that a shop, restaurant, company etc uses:
Schools may earn extra money by renting out their premises.
business premises
off the premises
The manager escorted him off the premises.
on the premises
The wonderful desserts are made on the premises.
2[countable] (also premiss British English) a statement or idea that you accept as true and use as a base for developing other ideas:
The idea that there is life on other planets is the central premise of the novel.
premise that
the premise that an accused person is innocent until they are proved guilty
120
Arena /əˈriːnə/
1a building with a large flat central area surrounded by seats, where sports or entertainments take place:
a sports arena
an indoor arena
2the political/international/public etc arena all the activities and people connected with politics, public life etc:
Women are entering the political arena in larger numbers.
American economic activity in the international arena
121
Retention
the act of keeping something
retention of
The UN will vote on the retention of sanctions against Iraq.
122
Transaction
a business deal or action, such as buying or selling something:
The bank charges a fixed rate for each transaction.
financial transactio
123
Inclined
مایل
تمایل
124
Statutory /ˈstætʃətəri, ˈstætʃʊtəri $ -tɔːri/
adjective
fixed or controlled by law SYN mandatory:
statutory employment rights
She’s below the statutory age for school attendance.
—statutorily adverb
125
Hold-up/n/
1a situation that stops something from happening or making progress SYN delay:
traffic hold-ups on the highway
Despite the odd hold-up, we finished on time.
2informal an attempt to rob a place or person by threatening them with a weapon SYN robbery:
a bank hold-up
126
Contribution
1[countable] something that you give or do in order to help something be successful
contribution to/towards
Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for his contribution to Quantum Theory.
The school sees its job as preparing students to make a contribution to society.
significant/substantial/valuable etc contribution
Wolko made outstanding contributions to children’s medicine.
2[countable] an amount of money that you give in order to help pay for something:
a campaign contribution
contribution of
A contribution of £25 will buy 15 books.
contribution to/towards
Contributions to charities are tax deductible.
You can make annual contributions of up to $1,000 in education savings accounts.
3[countable] a regular payment that you make to your employer or to the government to pay for things that you will receive when you are no longer working, for example health care, a pension etc:
income tax and national insurance contributions
contribution to
Have you been making regular contributions to a pension plan?
4[countable] a piece of writing, a song, a speech etc that forms part of a larger work such as a newspaper, book, broadcast, recording etc
contribution from
a magazine with contributions from well-known travel writers
a Christmas album featuring contributions from Carly Simon, Amy Grant, and others
5[uncountable] when you give money, time, help etc:
All the money has been raised by voluntary contribution.
127
Pension
an amount of money paid regularly by the government or company to someone who does not work any more, for example because they have reached the age when people stop working or because they are ill:
At what age can you start drawing your pension?
If you are self-employed, you should think about taking out a private pension.
Many people find it hard to live on a basic state pension.
She pays a quarter of her salary into a pension plan.
128
Entitlement
the official right to have or do something, or the amount that you have a right to receive
entitlement to
Do you need advice on your entitlement to state benefits?
benefit/holiday/pension etc entitlement
The paid holiday entitlement is 25 days.
129
Round-the-clock
Adjective
happening all the time, both day and night:
round-the-clock medical care
130
Premise
1premises [plural] the buildings and land that a shop, restaurant, company etc uses:
Schools may earn extra money by renting out their premises.
business premises
off the premises
The manager escorted him off the premises.
on the premises
The wonderful desserts are made on the premises.
2[countable] (also premiss British English) a statement or idea that you accept as true and use as a base for developing other ideas:
The idea that there is life on other planets is the central premise of the novel.
premise that
the premise that an accused person is innocent until they are proved guilty
فرضیه
131
Breach
1[uncountable and countable] an action that breaks a law, rule, or agreement
breach of
This was a clear breach of the 1994 Trade Agreement.
They sued the company for breach of contract.
a breach of professional duty
be in breach of something
He was clearly in breach of the law.
2[countable] a serious disagreement between people, groups, or countries
breach with
Britain did not want to risk a breach with the US over sanctions.
breach between
What had caused the sudden breach between Henry and his son?
She wanted to help heal the breach between them.
132
Deduction
1the process of using the knowledge or information you have in order to understand something or form an opinion, or the opinion that you form:
Children will soon make deductions about the meaning of a word.
2the process of taking away an amount from a total, or the amount that is taken away:
After deductions for tax etc, your salary is about £700 a month.
133
Discrimination
1the practice of treating one person or group differently from another in an unfair way:
laws to prevent discrimination
discrimination against
widespread discrimination against older people in the job market
discrimination in favour of
discrimination in favour of university graduates
racial/sex/religious etc discrimination (=treating someone unfairly because of their race, sex etc)
→ positive discrimination, reverse discrimination
2the ability to recognize the difference between two or more things, especially the difference in their quality:
shape discrimination
134
Terminal
1a terminal illness cannot be cured, and causes death → fatal:
terminal cancer
2(in) terminal decline British English in a state of becoming worse and worse and never getting better:
The once great industry is now in terminal decline.
—terminally adverb:
terminally ill patients
135
Quota
1an official limit on the number or amount of something that is allowed in a particular period
quota on
The government has imposed quotas on the export of timber.
The government has decided to scrap quotas on car imports.
quota for
Several countries have now set quotas for cod fishing.
There are plans to introduce strict immigration quotas.
2an amount of something that someone is expected to do or achieve
quota of
Each person was given a quota of tickets to sell.
quota for
In the 1990s the Navy couldn’t fill its quota for new recruits.
meet/make/achieve a quota
Workers only get paid if they make their quota.
sales/production quota
They’re worried that they won’t achieve this year’s sales quota.
3an amount of something that you think is fair, right, or normal SYN fair share
quota of
The committee has had more than its quota of problems.
I think I’ve had my quota of coffee for the day.
4British English a particular number of votes that someone needs to get to be elected in an election
سهمیه
136
Speculator /ˈspekjəleɪtə, ˈspekjʊleɪtə $ -ər/
someone who buys goods, property, shares in a company etc, hoping that they will make a large profit when they sell them:
a New York property speculator
دلال
137
Rival /ˈraɪvəl/
a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc SYN competitor:
This gives the company a competitive advantage over its rivals.
138
Hovercraft
a vehicle that travels just above the surface of land or water, travelling on a strong current of air that the engines produce beneath it → hydrofoil
139
Merchant
1wine/coal/timber etc merchant someone whose job is to buy and sell wine, coal etc, or a small company that does this:
He had a job with an Edinburgh wine merchant.
2old-fashioned someone who buys and sells goods in large quantities:
the son of a wealthy merchant
140
Woe
Woes [plural] formal the problems and troubles affecting someone:
the country’s economic woes
141
Suspension
stopping something [uncountable] when something is officially stopped for a period of time
suspension of
Both sides are now working towards a suspension of hostilities.
142
Outstrip
to do something better than someone else or be more successful:
We outstripped all our competitors in sales last year.
