12 Basic Science Epidemiology

Question 1

Tests with high sensitivity are useful to rule in or rule out dz?

Answer 1

rule out

Question 2

What is a type I error

Answer 2

A false-positive result

Question 3

What is the beta level of a test

Answer 3

The likelihood of obtaining a type II error (false-negative)

Question 4

1-beta =

Answer 4

the statistical power (likelihood of detecting a true difference b/w the groups)

Question 5

How is the required sample size affected if one decreases the acceptable type I error?

Answer 5

Increases

Question 6

What happens to the required sample size if the variability of the outcome diminishes

Answer 6

Decreases

Question 7

Observational studies where the investigator determines the exposure status of the subjects and then follows them for subsequent outcomes are known as what?

Answer 7

Cohort studies

Question 8

A prospective cohort study where exposure to the RF and subsequent health outcomes are observed after the beginning of the study is also known as what?

Answer 8

longitudinal study

Question 9

Observational studies where the subjects are sampled based on presence or absence of dz and then their prior exposure status is determined is know as what

Answer 9

case-control study

Question 10

What are the advantage of case-control studies over cohort studies

Answer 10

less expensive and time consuming and easier for studying rare dz

Question 11

What is external validity

Answer 11

The extent to which the results of a study are applicable to other populations

Question 12

What are the 3 primary forms of bias

Answer 12

selection bias, information bias, and confounding