02 Nose and Paranasal Sinuses Anatomy

Question 1

At what age can maxillary sinuses be visualized on CT?

Answer 1

4-5 months

Question 2

Minor tip support mechanisms

Answer 2

• Nasal tip ligamentous aponeurosis
• Cartilaginous septum
• Nasal spine
• Strength and resilience of medial crura
• Thickness of tip skin and subcu tissue
• Supportive strength of alar sidewalls

Question 3

What are Bowman’s glands

Answer 3

They secrete mucous and yellow pigment in the olfactory epithelium. The odorant must dissolve in this layer of mucous to reach the sensory receptors.

Question 4

How are the receptor cells in the olfactory system different from those of ear, eye, and tongue?

Answer 4

They are bipolar nerve cells (others are specialized epithelial cells)

Question 5

What is

• dysosmia
• phantosmia
• parosmia

Answer 5

• perception of unpleasant odor
• perception of odor in absence of stimulus
• distorted perception of odor

Question 6

What is the most posterior part of the MT attached to?

Answer 6

Crista ethmoidalis of the perpendicular process of the palatine bone

Question 7

Another name for retrobullar recess

Answer 7

Sinus lateralis

Question 8

What is the thinnest bone of the anterior skull base?

Answer 8

Lateral lamella of the cribriform plate where the anterior ethmoid artery crosses from the medial orbital wall to the cribriform

Question 9

Where does the sphenoid ostium lie in relation to the chonal bridge?

Answer 9

1.5 cm above or 1/3 distance from choanae to the skull base