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Oto Board Pearls of Wisdom - Section I Anatomy and Basic Science > 06 Larynx and Trachea Anatomy > Flashcards

06 Larynx and Trachea Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

T/F. Embryologically, the supraglottis and glottis are separate entities

A

True

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2
Q

Which branchial arches make the larynx

A

III, IV, VI

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3
Q

How many cartilages make the larynx and what are they

A

9

  • Paired: arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform
  • Unpaired: epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid
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4
Q

What blood vessel travels with internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve piercing thyrohyoid membrane?

A

Superior laryngeal artery

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5
Q

What separates the 2 valleculae associated with the tongue and epiglottis?

A

Median glosso-epiglottic fold

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6
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the piriform recess of the larynx?

A

Internal laryngeal branch of superior laryngeal nerve

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7
Q

What is the name of the upper free margin of the conus elasticus?

A

Vocal ligament

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8
Q

What is the name of the lower free margin of the quadrangular membrane

A

Vestibular fold

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9
Q

In an adult, what is the vertebral level of the

  • hyoid
  • cricoid
  • carina
A
  • C3
  • C6
  • T4
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10
Q

What is the membrane b/w the cricoid cartilage and 1st tracheal ring

A

cricotracheal membrane

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11
Q

What part of the thyroid cartilage articulates with the cricoid cartilage

A

Inferior cornu

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12
Q

What muscle adducts the false vocal folds and AE folds

A

thyroarytenoid muscle

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13
Q

What muscles does the anterior branch of the RLN innervate

A

Lateral cricoarytenoid, thyroarytenoid, vocalis muscles

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14
Q

Where does the superior laryngeal artery lie in relation to the superior laryngeal nerve

A

Artery is inferior to the nerve

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15
Q

What are the layers of the VF from superficial to deep

A
  • Squamous epith
  • Reinke’s space (superior layer of lamina propria)
  • Intermediate and deep layers of lamina propria (vocal ligament)
  • Thyroarytenoid muscle
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16
Q

What are the 2 types of squamous epithelium lining the TVF

A

Pseudostratified columna (superiorly and inferiorly) and stratified nonkeratinizing squamous (at the contact points of the TVFs)

17
Q

How does position of larynx differ b/w neonate and adult

A

Neonate: larynx is C2-C3 with cricoid C3-C4
Adult: larynx is C5 with cricoid at C7

18
Q

What is Broyles’ ligament and its significance

A

Vocalis muscle tendon that inserts into thyroid cartilage; serves as pathway for tumor extension into the thyroid cartilage

19
Q

What anatomic structures inhibit malignant invasion by laryngeal cancers

A 
Conus elasticus
Quadrangular membrane
Thyrohyoid membrane
Cricothyroid membrane
Internal perichondrium of thyroid lamina
20
Q

Boundaries of Preepiglottic space

A

Superiorly: hyoepiglottic ligament
Posteriorly: Epiglottic cartilage
Anterioly: thyrohyoid membrane and hyoid bone

21
Q

What anatomic feature of the epiglottis facilitates extension of cancer into the preepiglottic space

A

fenestrations/dehiscences

22
Q

What vessels are in direct contact with the anterior trachea

A

brachiocephalic artery and the left brachiocephalic vein

23
Q

What percentage of population has a thyroid ima artery

A

3-10%

24
Q

Which layers of the TVF are responsible for vibration

A

epithelium and superficial layer of the lamina propria

25
Q

Average fundamental frequency of

  • child
  • adult female
  • adult male
A
  • 250 Hz
  • 200 Hz
  • 120 Hz
26
Q

Average dB level of human voice

A

65-75 dB

27
Q

Maximum range of fundamental freq for human voice

A

36-1760 Hz

28
Q

Average maximum phonation time for adult male? female?

A

17-35 sec; 12-26 sec

29
Q

What is the sequence of events during the glottic closure reflex

A

Closure of TVF then closure of FVF then adduction of AE folds

30
Q

Unlike glottic closure reflex, laryngospasm is mediated solely by stimulation of what nerve

A

Superior laryngeal nerve

Oto Board Pearls of Wisdom - Section I Anatomy and Basic Science (13 decks)

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