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Year 1: Alimentary System > 12. Abdominal pain & Pancreatitis > Flashcards

12. Abdominal pain & Pancreatitis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the pancreas?

A

Endocrine - Islets of Langerhans

Exocrine - 1.5 L of pancreatic juice

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2
Q

Define acute pancreatitis ICD-10

A

An acute inflammatory process that leads to necrosis of the pancreatic parenchyma

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3
Q

Symptoms of acute pancreatitis

A

Sever abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting diarrhoea, fever and shock

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4
Q

What is the diagnostic approach?

A

History
Examination
Tests

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5
Q

What are the tests carried out on a patient?

A 
Simple
Blood tests
Complex blood test
Simple imaging
Cross sectional imaging
Invasive test
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6
Q

What can raised urea and creatinine suggest in a blood test?

A

Problem in renal function

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7
Q

What is normal Alb?

A

36-45

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8
Q

What is low albumin a marker of?

A

Inflammation or something else wrong in the body

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9
Q

What is CRP a marker of?

A

Inflammation

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10
Q

What is amylase a marker of?

A

Produced in the pancreas so if it is raised, sever pancreatitis

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11
Q

What is an ERCP?

A

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

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12
Q

What does high blood glucose signify?

A

Problem with the endocrine function of the pancreas

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13
Q

What does high LDH and AST signify?

A

Enzymes produced in the liver suggesting damage

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14
Q

What does haematocrit signify?

A

If it falls it suggests bleeding

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15
Q

What are the risk factors for severity?

A 
Necrosis vs non necrosis
Organ failure
Age
Comorbidities
Alcohol
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16
Q

What are the causes of pancreatitis?

A

Gall stones
Ethanol
Trauma

Steroids
Mumps
Autoimmune
Scorpion bite
Hyperlipidaemia/Hypercalcaemia/Hypothermia
ERCP 
Drugs (azathioprine, valproate)
17
Q

What are the systemic complications of pancreatitis?

A 
Hypovolaemia
Hypoxia
Hypocalcaemia
Hyperglycaemia
DIC - Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Multiple organ failure
18
Q

What are the localised complications of pancreatitis?

A

Pancreatic necrosis
Fluid collections - mature into pseduocysts
Splenic vein thrombosis/pseudonaneurysm
Chronic pancreatitis

19
Q

What is the treatment of pancreatitis?

A 
Supportive:
Fluids
Painkillers
Nutrition
Organ support
Management of complications
20
Q

Define chronic pancreatitis?

A

Progressive fibroinflammatory process of the pancreas that results in permanent structural damage, which leads to impairment of exocrine and endocrine function

21
Q

Why is there diarrhoea chronic pancreatitis?

A

Malabsorption - in fat soluble vitamins as well

22
Q

How do you manage chronic pancreatitis?

A

Stop alcohol and smoking
Small meals with low fat
PPI and pancreatic supplements
Analgesia

Year 1: Alimentary System (15 decks)

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