(12) Flashcards
so what can you do to make effort smaller - get a bigger hand
(The LAw of Laplace)
- the bigger the LV, the greater the what?
- At any radius (LV size), the greater the systolic P developed the greater the what
- increased wall stress requires what?
- how does heart deal with increased wall stress?
- wall stress
- wall stress
- increase O2 uptake (greater rate of ATP use)
- hypertrophy (creates more sarcomeres)
(Cardiac Hypertrophy)
(influenced by type of chronic load)
- increase systolic pressure (pressure overload) results in what kind of hypertrophy?
- increased volume load (volume overload) results in what kind of hypertrophy?
- new sarcomeres in parallel (concentric)
- new sacromere in series (eccentric)
(determinants of ventricular filling)
- what of the myocardium?
- ventricular what?
- venous what?
- duration of what?
- atrial what?
- active relaxation of the myocardium
- ventricular compliance
- venous return
- diastole
- atrial contraction
(she didn’t talk about this figure too much)
(Some people say - the ventricle sucks)
- relaxation is due to active removal of what?
- When AV valves open, the ventricle is doing what?
- During the initial filling the ventricles aspirates some blood from where?
- Ca from the cytoplasm surrounding the myofibrils
- actively relaxing
- the atrium (ie the ventricle sucks blood in)
(Diastolic Function)
- what determines degree of diastolic function?
- decreased compliance –> what?
- ventricular compliance
- increased stiffness (stiffness (1/compliance) is ratio of dP/dV
(then look at graph - she talked about this a bit)
(Ventricular compliance)
depends on
- vascluar dimensions - smaller ventricles are stiffer or no?
- wall thickness - thick walls stiffer?
- Muscle activity - incomplete relaxation –> ?
- wall composition - fibrosis –> ?
- external compression - impairs what?
- stiffer
- yep (LV is stiffer than RV)
- increased ventricular wall stiffness
- increased stiffness
- normal diastolic expansion
(Diastolic Function)
- increase vasular stiffness impairs what?
- baseline of PV loop rises more steeply –> ?
- Stiffer heart may be where on the Starling curve?
- normal pump function
- increased atrial P needed for filling
- lower (smaller end diastolic volume)
(Coronary Circulation)
(Myocardial Oxygen Delivery)
- coronary arteries control what?
- Flow rate determines delivery of O2 - flow equal what? Is resistance relatively constant?
- Coronary blood is very deoxygenated -
FUCK IT - just read this slide
- myocardial O2 supply
- (AoP - RAP)/R; don’t know…
(Coronary Microcirculation)
(very rich capillary supply to heart)
she’s really speeding through these… just read it again
and this one
(Coronary blood flow)
- proportional to the driving pressure across the coronary bed/ what? driving pressure equals what?
- Varies during cardiac cycle; what in diastole? in systole?
- Early diastolic flow (peak flow rate) can be impaired when what occurs?
- resistance; AoP - RAP (or coronary sinus P)
- 85%; remaining 15% (but only in epicardial areas)
- when rate of myocardial relaxation in early diastole is slowed
- Since flow goes from epicardial–>endocardial, ischemia first occurs in what?
- subendocardium
- anything that causes heart to be thicker than normal
she then talked about nemo a bit at around 35 if you feel like watching it…
look at this
know the difference between cardiac factors and coupling factors
just read this slide too.. sorry
and this one
and this one…. she’s going through these pretty quickly
