118b - Psychotherapies Flashcards
Which kind of therapy focuses on mindfulness practices?
Which patients are most likely to benefit from this kind of therapy?
Dialectical behavior therapy
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Dialectical behavior therapy combines cognitive behavioral therapy with mindfulness practices in order to help patients balance strong, opposing emotions, and help the patient learn to manage them simultaneously
- focuses on learning mindfulness, distress tolerance, emotional regulation, and interpersonal effectiveness.
- effective for those with borderline personality disorders, PTSD, substance abuse, chronically suicidal individuals
According to Freud, what is the difference between the Id, the Superego, and the Ego?
- Id
- Personal drives; what we WANT to do
- Hides in the unconscious
- Superego
- Values, beliefs learned from society: what we SHOULD do
- Ego
- Deals with the demands of reality: what we DO
- Balance between Id impulses and superego demands
Patients with deep, complex cases who want to understand the connections between past and present would most likely benefit from which kind of psychotherapy?
Psychodynamic psychotherapy
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Psychodynamic psychotherapy is based on the work of Sigmund Freud, who believed in the importance of unconscious conflicts resulting from childhood experiences, which will lead to psychopathology
- therapy focuses on the patient’s feelings and transference reactions to the therapist.
- treatment is unstructured and typically not time limited.
- often used for those seeking insight-oriented treatments to understand connections between past and present, and for deeper, complex cases.
- focuses on uncovering and understanding the patient’s defensive mechanisms
Believing a person or situation is “all good” or “all bad” describes which primitive defense mechanism?
Splitting
What kind of psychotherapy does this describe?
- Based on ideas of classical and operant conditioning, behaviors
- Focuses on the “here and now”
- Identifies thoughts/triggers in order to extinguish maladaptive behaviors and generate adaptive behaviors
Cognitive behavioral therapy
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Cognitive behavioral psychotherapy is based on identifying faulty thinking patterns that lead to unhealthy behaviors and reactions.
- Therapy is short-term and structured
- therapist helps identify cognitive distortions and automatic thoughts and teaches new, healthy ways of thinking.
- very effective for short-term interventions, particularly in anxiety-based disorders (panic, social anxiety, phobias, GAD, etc.), as well as insomnia.
- key difference between psychodynamic and cognitive behavioral theories is that CBT focuses on what people think, while psychodynamic therapists focus on why people think as they do (feelings).
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How does the role of the therapist differ in psychodynamic vs. cognitive behavioral therapy?
- Psychodynamic therapist is:
- Non-directive, leads unstructured sessions
- Facilitates exploration, personal growth/insight of the patient
- Cognitive behavioral therapist is:
- Active, educational, leads structured sessions
- There may be a “curriculum” to follow
- Facilitates training, techniques to extinguish maladaptive behaviors, generate adaptive behaviors
- Active, educational, leads structured sessions
What kind of psychotherapy does this describe?
- Based on the idea that unresolved childhood conflicts lead to transference, defense mechanism, symptoms
- Focus on the emotional world of the patinet - past and present
- Explore the origins of defenses, resistance
Psychodynamic therapy
Freuidian! Goal to “make the unconscious conscious”
Patients who are struggling with grief after losing a loved one or having difficulty adapting after a life-changing event would most likely benefit from which kind of therapy?
Interpersonal therapy
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Interpersonal psychotherapy is focused on helping people face challenges and communication issues in 4 areas: role transitions, grief from loss/abandonment, interpersonal disputes, and developmental deficits.
- focused on the present (here and now) and on skill development and behavior change
Which patients would benefit most from desinsitization therapy?
Patients with specific phobias
Jane has a big argument with her manager at work and yells at her children when she comes home
Which defense mechanism is this?
Displacement
Are all defense mechanisms maladaptive?
No
- Primitive defense mechanisms can be maladaptive because they may prevent growth
- Denial
- Splitting
- Compartmentalization
- Projection
- More mature defense mechanisms protect the ego from stress and allow us to behave in civilization
- Rationalizing
- Intellectualization
- Sublimation
- Humor
Patients who are struggling with a specific problem, such as insomnia or somatic symptom disorder, would most likely benefit from which kind of psychotherapy?
Cognitive behaviroal therapy
Focus is on changing behavior
What is transference (as it relates to psychotherapy)
How the patient reacts to the therapist based on pts previous experience
Which kind of therapy is best for patients in crisis when it isn’t warranted or practical to identify or resolve other symptoms or the root of the problem?
Supportive therapy or crisis therapy
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Supportive and crisis therapy are aimed at shoring up the patient’s best coping techniques; the therapeutic alliance is used to buttress resilience and self-esteem.
- these methods are non-confrontational and want to help the patient maintain or restore their highest levels of functioning
- Supportive therapy is often used with lower-functioning individuals or those with lower-IQs.
- Crisis therapy is used to intervene in crisis situations when it is not practical or warranted to identify or resolve other so-called symptoms.
A department employee who is threatened by their new boss decares that the boss is actually threatened by them
What kind of defense mechanism is this?
Projection
Attributing one’s own feelings onto someone else
