105b - Behavioral Neuroanatomy Flashcards
Mood and motivation are attributed to [state/channel] network functions
Mood and motivation are attributed to state network functions
Many different cortical areas play a role; deficits are usually attributed to interference with neurotransmitter pathways
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State networks = regionally concentrated groups of neurons, typically in brainstem and subcortical regions that direct their projection fibers diffusely throughout the cerebral cortex (deficits cannot be localized to one area).
- their ultimate impact on brain function is widespread and not regional.
What regions of the brain, if damaged, can cause a complete change in personality and judgement without impairing other cognitive areas?
Prefrontal cortex
(ex: prefrontal cortical damage)
What is the function of the salience mode network?
Abnormal connectivity is seen in which psychiatric disorders?
Salience mode networks: contents of emotional experiences
Abnormal connectivity in:
- Fronto-temporal dementia
- Schizophrenia
- Depression
Arousal is attributed to [state/channel] network functions
Arousal is attributed to state network functions
(Deficits cannot be localized to one cortical area)
ARAS is not cortical
List the 5 relevant channel networks
Are deficits localizable to discrete cortical areas?
- Language
- Learning and memory
- Visuospatial perception
- Executive function
- Emotional regulation and social-interpersonal skills
Deficts ARE localizable to specific cortical (or subcortical regions)
Damage to one area doesn’t necessarily affect the others
Emotional regulation and social-interpersonal skills are attributed to [state/channel] network function
Emotional regulation and social-interpersonal skills are attributed to channel network function
Deficits are localizable to the amygdala, orbitofrontal components of the prefrontal cortex, or the cingulate gyrus
(Note: emotional regulation is not mood; mood and motivation are state network functions w/deficits usually due to neurotransmitter interference)
Learning and memory are attributed to [state/channel] network functions
Learning and memory are attributed to channel network functions
Deficits can be localized to the hippocampus/Papez circuit
Channel = can be localized to a specific brain region
Which 3 brain networks have high significance to psych disorders?
- Central executive network
- Executive function
- Salience network
- Emotional experiences
- Default-mode network
- Memory and internal thought
What is the function of the default mode network?
Abnormal connectivity is seen in which psychiatric disorders?
- Memory and internal thought
- Reminiscing about the past
- Planning for the future
Abnormal connectivity in:
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Depression
- Schizophrenia
List the 2 relevant state networks
Are deficits localizable to discrete cortical areas?
- Wakefulness, arousal, attention
- Mood, motivation
Deficits are not localizable to discrete cortical areas
Cortical damage must be diffuse to affect arousal (ARAS is not a cortical area)
Language deficits can result from damage to which regions?
- Left hemisphere perisylvian region
- Includes Broca’s area (production) and Wernicke’s area (comprehension)
- Pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus
- Basal ganglia
Describe some of the effects of damage to the prefrontal cortex
Impulsive/automatic behaviors
Poor planning, judgement, decision making
Executive functions are attributed to [state/channel] network function
Executive functions are attributed to channel network function
Deficits are localizable to the prefrontal cortex
Visuospatial perception is attributed to [state/channel] network function
Visuospatial perception is attributed to channel network function
Deficits can be localized to the ventral (temporal) or dorsal (parietal) regions
Deficits in visuospatial perception may be caused by damage to which two neuroanatomical networks?
“What” pathway (ventral pathway, temporal lobe)
“Where” pathway (dorsal pathway, parietl lobe)
