115 Navy Space Flashcards
Discuss the role of Navy Space Command.
To conductoperationsin, from, and through space to deter conflict, and if necessary, defeat aggression, deliver space combat
power for the Joint/Combined force, and defend U.S. vital interests with allies and partners
Space Force Enhancement:
Operations increase joint force effectiveness by increasing the combat potential of that force,
enhancing operational awareness, and providing needed joint force support.
Space Support:
The space support mission area includes space lift operations (launching and deploying satellites), satellite
operations (maintaining, sustaining, and rendezvous and proximity operations), and reconstitution of space forces
(replenishing lost or diminished satellites).
The Sun:
creates changes that can affect communications, navigation accuracy, the performance of sensors, and cause
electronic failures, typically from solar flares.
Space Control:
provides freedom of action in space for friendly forces, and when directed, denies it to an adversary. It
consists of offensive space control (OSC), defensive space control (DSC), and space support.
Space Force Application:
combat operations in, through, and from space to influence the course and outcome of conflict by
holding terrestrial targets at risk.
Solar winds:
charged plasma particles that create changes that can affect communications, navigation accuracy, the
performance of sensors, and cause electronic failures by creating electromagnetic interference.
Solar cycle:
the rotation of the sun, that impacts communications by generating solar winds.
Van Allen Radiation Belts:
are two concentric, doughnut-shaped rings of stable, trapped charged particles that exist due to
the geomagnetic field near the Earth. These radiation belts can have serious impact on satellite operations due to physical
damage caused by charged particles.
Atmospheric Drag:
could slow down the motion of a satellite when its orbit is low enough to be affected by the friction of
Earths atmosphere.
Low Earth Orbit (LEO):
approximately 150 - 800 miles above the Earths surface and orbits every 90-110 minutes.
Medium Earth Orbit (MEO):
GPS, altitude of approximately 10,800 nautical miles and a period of about 12 hours. This
orbit allows a user to receive signals from more than one satellite at any time.
Highly Elliptical Orbit (HEO):
nearly equivalent to the altitude of Geosynchronous Satellites, and orbit at approximately
19,300 nautical miles.
Polar Orbit:
passes over the entire surface of the Earth every two to three days, has an inclination of 90° and orbits at 450
nautical miles.
Geosynchronous Orbit (GEO):
average altitude of approximately 19,300 to 22,300 nautical miles and make one orbit per
day.
Apogee:
the point in orbit farthest from the surface of the Earth.
Perigee:
the point in orbit closest to the surface of the Earth.
Identify the 3 main space launch facilities in the US.
- Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, FL
- Vandenberg Air Force Base, Lompoc, CA.
- WallopsFlight Facility, Wallops Island, Virginia
Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS):
a high capacity, SHF satellite subsystem of the Defense
Communications System (DCS). Provides worldwide, jam-resistant, secure voice and high data rate communications.
Navy UHF Follow-on (UFO):
constellation of satellites to replace the aging FLTSATs; features higher power transmitters
designed to improve service, reliability, and dependability.
GBS (Global Broadcast Service):
provides high-volume data and video information products to military tactical terminals.
WGS (Wideband Global SATCOM):
designed to replace aging DSCS satellites.
Describe the Global Positioning System.
GPS Satellites broadcast navigation information on a continuous basis. The broadcasts consist of two signal types: the SPS is
the unencrypted civil positioning and timing service and PPS is the more precise military positioning and timing service.
Space Based ISR. Advantages
Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) is the potential to provide systematic focused coverage
of an area of interest, sometimes without detection.
Space Based ISR. Disadvantages
include predictable fly-over schedule and atmospheric disturbances (fog, rain, smoke, electrical storms, and
clouds).
Discuss the importance of Space Situational Awareness.
The requisite current and predictive knowledge of the space environment and the operational environment upon which space
operations depend, including physical, virtual, and human domains, as well as all factors, activities, and events of friendly and
adversary space forces across the spectrum of conflict.
Astrometry:
a branch of astronomy that deals with measurements (as of positions and movements) of celestial bodies.
Earth Orientation Parameters:
The Earths rotation is not even. Any motion in/on the Earth causes a slowdown or speedup
of the rotation, or a change of rotation axis. Most of them can be ignored, but movements of very large mass, like sea
current or tide can produce discernible changes and cause error to very precise astronomical observations.
Discuss the role of GPS in the following operations.
a. Land Operations
b. Maritime Operations
c. Air Operations
d. Space Operations
e. Navigation Warfare
Discuss the role of precise time in the following. (GPS)
for anyone with a GPS receiver, the system will provide location and time. GPS
provides accurate location and time information for an unlimited number of people in all weather, day and night, anywhere
in the world.
Discuss the role of precise time in the following. Precise Positioning Service:
is closely related to positioning but can be distinguished from it by a greater emphasis on
determining a meaningful location (e.g. a street address) rather than just a set of geographic coordinates.
