102 Heritage & Doctrine Flashcards
Describe the importance of integrity and ethical decision making.
Ethical decisions generate and sustain trust; demonstrate respect, responsibility, fairness and caring; and are consistent with good citizenship
Naval Doctrine:
Command and Control
provides the basic concept
Naval Doctrine:
Operations
develops doctrine to reaffirm the foundation of U.S. Navy and Marine Corps expeditionary maritime traditions.
Naval Doctrine:
Warfare
describes the inherent nature and enduring principles of naval forces
Naval Doctrine:
Logistics
addresses the full range of logistical capabilities that are essential in the support of naval forces.
Naval Doctrine:
Intelligence
points the way for intelligence support in meeting the requirements of both regional conflicts and operations other than war.
Naval Doctrine:
Planning
examines planning and the relationship between our capabilities and operational planning in the joint and multinational environment.
Principles of Naval Logistics (FREASSS):
Flexibility
Adapting logistic support to changing conditions.
Principles of Naval Logistics (FREASSS):
Responsiveness
Providing the right support at the right time, at the right place
Principles of Naval Logistics (FREASSS):
Economy
Employing logistic support assets effectively.
Principles of Naval Logistics (FREASSS):
Attainability
Acquiring the minimum essential logistic support to begin combat operations.
Principles of Naval Logistics (FREASSS):
Sustainability
Providing logistic support for the duration of the operation.
Principles of Naval Logistics (FREASSS):
Survivability
Ensuring that the logistic infrastructure prevails in spite of degradation and damage.
Principles of Naval Logistics (FREASSS):
Simplicity
Avoiding unnecessary complexity in preparing, planning and conducting logistic operations.
State the first navy ship named after an enlisted man, and why.
USS Osmond Ingram (DD-255). Ingram was the first enlisted man killed in action in World War I as he attempted to save his ship and shipmates, lost when the destroyer Cassin (DD-43) was torpedoed in October 1917.
State the name of the first submarine used in Naval Warfare.
On September 7, 1776, during the Revolutionary War, the American submersible craft Turtle attempts to attach a time bomb to the hull of British Admiral Richard Howe’s flagship Eagle in New York Harbor. It was the first use of a submarine in warfare.
Name the first US flagship and who was in command of the flotilla.
The first flagship was the 433 under the command of Commander James McD Smith, USN
Discuss the conditions that led to the formation of the U.S. Navy.
The Second Continental Congress
What three classes of naval vessels existed at the inception of the U.S. Navy?
Ships-of-the-line, Sloops of war, and frigates.
Custom and Courtesies:
Hand Salute
The hand salute is centuries old and probably originated when men in armor raised their helmet visors so they could be identified.
Custom and Courtesies:
Saluting the Ensign
Each person in the naval service, upon coming on board a ship of the Navy, shall salute the national ensign.
Custom and Courtesies:
Dipping the Ensign
Merchant ships “salute” Navy ships by dipping their ensigns. Merchant ships or vessels with the lowest ranking officer dip the ensign first, and then the Navy vessel or higher-ranking vessel returns the gesture. The Navy does not dip the Ensign first to any non-US Navy ship.
Custom and Courtesies:
Gun Salute
A national salute of 21 guns is fired on Washington’s Birthday, Memorial Day, and Independence Day. Salutes are fired in intervals of 5 seconds, and always in odd numbers.
a. Salutes for naval officers are:
i. Admiral: 17 guns
ii. Vice Admiral: 15 guns
iii. Rear Admiral: 13 guns
iv. Commodore: 11 guns
Naval History:
Battle of Coral Sea
7-8 May 1942 – US broke the Japanese JN-25 code, allowing for a successful prevention of the Japanese invasion of Australia. Battle was fought entirely by aircraft launched from carriers.
Naval History:
Voyage of the Great White Fleet
16 December 1907 to 22 February 1909 – President Theodore Roosevelt ordered 16 ships to be painted white and circumnavigate the globe to demonstrate our prowess of the seas.
Naval History:
Battle of Normandy
the largest amphibious assault in history. The D-Day landing of June 6, 1944 successfully gave the Allies a foothold in continental Europe and was the turning point of the war effort in the European theater
Naval History:
Midway
3-5 June 1942 – the turning point of the Pacific war. The U.S. breaking of the Japanese naval code was again the key element as it had been at Coral Sea a month earlier. Four Japanese aircraft carriers were sunk during the battle; however Japanese planes sank the Yorktown.
Naval History:
Guadalcanal
13-15 November 1942 – After three days of bitter fighting, the Japanese naval forces retreated, and U.S. Marines were able to secure the island of Guadalcanal. This battle marked the change from defensive to offensive operations in the Pacific by the Allies but is marred by the tragedy of the Sullivan brothers, who all lost their lives forcing the Navy into a policy of separating family members aboard ships.
Naval History:
Battle of Leyte Gulf
23 October 1944, the final blow to the Japanese navy. During the largest naval battle of the war, Japan lost the Philippines, as well as suffered significant damages to their fleet and loss of oil reserves from the Philippines—Japan’s navy was unable to recover.
Sailor Involved History:
Mercury 3
5 May 1961, the First U.S. manned space flight occurred (Alan Shepard)
Sailor Involved History:
Gemini 3
23 March 1965, the First U.S. two-man space mission that accomplished maneuvers from one orbit to another (Virgil Grissom and John Young).
Sailor Involved History:
Apollo 11
16-24 July 1969, the first manned lunar landing (Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin).
Sailor Involved History:
Apollo 17
7-19 December 1972, the sixth and final lunar landing mission occurred (Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt).
Sailor Involved History:
STS-1 (Space Transportation System)
12 April 1981, the first space shuttle mission aboard Space Shuttle Columbia
Information Dominance Event:
On-the-Roof Gang
A total of 176 (150 Navy and 26 Marines) enlisted radio operators were specially trained at a unique school located on the roof of the old Navy Department Building during 1928-1941. Foundation of the CT community.
Information Dominance Event:
The Purple Code
Cryptologic machine used by Japan and Germany during WWII. Once broke, allowed the allies to read dispatches between Japan and Germany.
Information Dominance Event:
The Battle of Midway
United States broke the Japanese JN-25 code, ultimately leading to victory at Midway atoll, costing Japan four irreplaceable fleet carriers, while only one of the three U.S. carriers present was lost.
Information Dominance Event:
The attack on the USS Liberty
8 June 1967, while in international waters off the Sinai Peninsula, Liberty, though clearly marked as a U.S. Navy ship, was struck by Israeli aircraft. In all, thirty-four men were killed in the attacks and nearly 170 wounded.
Information Dominance Event:
The Capture of the USS Pueblo
Captured by North Korea in 1968. The USS PUEBLO was captured by the North Koreans in 1968. It was the first U.S. Navy ship to be hi-jacked on the high seas by a foreign military force in over 150 years.
Information Dominance Event:
Battle of Normandy
the mission took place on 6 June 1944, after 2 years of planning. This is the largest amphibious assault in history.
Information Dominance Event:
Landing at Inchon
It was an amphibious invasion and battle during the Korean War that resulted in a decisive victory and strategic reversal in favor of the United Nations. The battle began on September 15th, 1950 and ended around September 17. Through a surprise amphibious assault far from the Pusan Perimeter that UN and South Korean forces were desperately defending, the largely undefended city of Incheon was secured after being bombed by UN forces
Information Dominance Event:
Hainan Island EP-3 Incident
On 1 April 2001, a Chinese J-811 interceptor collided with an EP-3, which was forced down. The 24-man crew was detained for 10 days. The EP-3 was operating about 70 miles away from the PRC-controlled island of Hainan when it was intercepted by two J-8 fighters. A collision between the EP-3 and one of the J-8s caused the death of a PRC pilot, while the EP-3 was forced to make an emergency landing on Hainan.
Information Dominance Event:
Bletchley Park
Bletchley Park, also known as Station X during World War II, was the site of the United Kingdom’s main decryption establishment, the Government Code and Cipher School. Ciphers and codes of several countries were decrypted there, most importantly ciphers generated by the German Enigma.
Information Dominance Event:
The Navajo Code talkers
The idea to use Navajo for secure communications came from Philip Johnston, the son of a missionary to the Navajos and one of the few non-Navajos who spoke their language fluently. It has no alphabet or symbols and is spoken only on the Navajo lands of the American Southwest. Over 350 Navajos served in the Marine Corps as code talkers.
Information Dominance Event:
The Attack on the USS STARK
17 May 1987, the USS Stark was attacked by an Iraqi Mirage F1 fighter while outside Iraqi and Iranian declared warzones (STARK was in international waters). STARK never fired a weapon or deployed a countermeasure, and as a result, 37 Sailors died.
Information Dominance Event:
EC-121 Shoot Down
15 April 1969, The EC-121 was attacked without warning by North Korean MiG while flying its last mission with a double crew (31 Sailors). Everyone on board died. The incident prompted the US Navy to adopt new procedures to provide reconnaissance aircraft with a higher degree of protection. EC-121 would be retired and replaced by the EP-3.
State the qualities that characterize the Navy/Marine Corps team as instruments to support national policies.
These qualities are readiness, flexibility, self-sustainability, and mobility. They permit naval forces to be expeditionary - that is, being able to establish and maintain a forward-based, stabilizing presence around the world.
State the three levels of war
- Strategic
- Operational
- Tactical
Discuss the National Security Act of 1947.
Signed by President Truman and established the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
War Department and Navy Department merged into Department of Defense under the Secretary of Defense and created the Department of the Air Force.
State when and why the current Navy Core Values were developed.
Adopted by CNO Admiral Kelso in 1992 after the Tailhook scandal in Las Vegas where more than 100 Sailors and Marines sexually assaulted at least 90 people.
Discuss when and why the Sailor’s Creed was developed.
The “Sailors Creed” was written by a “Blue Ribbon Recruit Training Panel” in 1993 at the direction of Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Frank Kelso. * All personnel of Naval Service are SAILORS FIRST and in addition, they are officers, chiefs, petty officers - aviators, Seabees, surface warriors and submariners.
State RADM Grace Hopper’s contributions to the U.S. Navy.
She was many things, to include a computer programmer, pioneer; created COBAL, coined the term computer bug, and was nicknamed “Amazing Grace”
State the name of the first computer and where it was located.
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) the worlds’ first operational, general purpose, electronic digital computer, developed at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania.
Discuss ARPANET and when it was developed.
- Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) of the U.S. DOD.
- Dr. J.C.R. Licklider was chosen to head this effort. Precursor to modern internet.
- ARPANET connected UCLA to the Stanford Research Institute, UC Santa Barbara, and the University of Utah; there were three things that users could do: log into a remote computer, print to a remote printer, and transfer files between computers
Explain the impact of the John Walker espionage case.
A retired warrant officer, John Walker spied for the Russians from 1968-1985; allowed the Soviet Union to make significant gains in naval warfare. The extent of his treason may never be known due to the vast amount of material that he gave to the Russians.
State the oldest intelligence organization in the U.S. Navy
The Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI) was established in the United States Navy in 1882.
Explain when ONI was established and by whom it was founded.
The Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI) was established in the United States Navy in 1882. ONI was founded by the Secretary of the Navy, William H. Hunt with General Order 292, dated March 23, 1882.
State the first CIO/DNI.
Theodorus Bailey Myers Mason was the founder and first head of the USA Office of Naval Intelligence, with the post of Chief Intelligence Officer (prior to it being redesignated as Director of Naval Intelligence in 1911).
Name the two departments that were combined to form the ONI?
The Department Library was combined with the “Office of Intelligence”.
Explain Alan Turing’s contributions to the Information Warfare field?
Alan Turing was a British scientist and a pioneer in computer science. During World War II, he developed a machine that helped break the German Enigma code. He also laid the groundwork for modern computing and theorized about artificial intelligence.
Discuss the importance of character related to IW professionals?
Morals, values and qualities as a human being
Describe why core values are critical to IW missions.
These shared values are the most important factors that contribute to the success of the naval service.
