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Module 11 > 11.5 Gyroscopic > Flashcards

11.5 Gyroscopic Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 degrees of freedom?>

A

X = Spinning
Y = Tilting
Z = Veering

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2
Q

When the rotor spins at 10,000 RPM the device becomes a gyroscope possessing’s two important fundamentals?

A

Rigidity/Inertia and Precession.

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3
Q

What is gyro rigidity?

A

Inertia of the mass which keeps the axis rigid in the same direction.

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4
Q

What is gyro precession?

A

Force on a gyro and the effect of the angular displacement of the force. usually 90 degree’s

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5
Q

What is indicated here?

A

Precession

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6
Q

Name 3 ways to increase the rigidity of a gyro.

A
  1. Mass of rotor
  2. Speed of rotation
  3. Distance at which the mass acts from the centre.
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7
Q

The rate of precession depends on?

A
  1. Strength and direction of applied force
  2. Moment of inertia of the rotor (weight)
  3. Angular velocity of the rotor. (speed)
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8
Q

Precession takes place?

A

90 degree’s away/around from the point of contact.

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9
Q

What is gimbal lock?

A

When the spin axis of the rotor become aligned with the axis of the outer gimbal. inner and outer gimbals are aligned. Trying to cause the inner gimbal to rotate at the same speed as rotor.

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10
Q

How is gimbal lock prevented?

A

Using mechanical stops, usually placed at 85 degree’s

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11
Q

What effect can toppling have on a gyro?

A

When the outer gimbal rotates 180 degree’s, toppling can cause bearing damage., unavoidable precession is caused by the friction of gimbal bearings.

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12
Q

Describe a Free/Space gyro

A

Unrestricted, unreferenced displacement

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13
Q

To an observer on earth the illustrated gyro appears to rotate or drift away from the perpendicular is this drift illustrated Real or Apparent?

A

Apparent

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14
Q

When a gyro appears to precess at 15 degree’s per hour, so that it will rotate 360 degree’s every 24 hours what is this known as?

A

Earth Rate

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15
Q

What sort of gyro is this? Space, Earth or Tied?

A

Space Gyro

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16
Q

What effect is illustrated here?

A

Transport Wander

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17
Q

Earth rate and transport wander are termed?

A

Apparent Drift.

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18
Q

A space gyro referenced earth is termed a?

A

Earth Gyro.

19
Q

What type of gyro is this?

A

Rate gyro

20
Q

What are the 2 essential reference datums?

A
  1. Pitch and roll attitude changed
  2. Directional changes along vertical axis.
21
Q

What does caging the gyro do?

A
  1. Prevent damage in aerobatics
  2. helps reset to magnetic heading.
22
Q

Disadvantages of air driven gyros.

A

Dirt and dust, filters need to be changed regularly.

23
Q

High speed gyro rotors (21,000RPM) require what power source?

A

115V 400Hz, three phase supplied from alternators or inverters. Fed to gyro via slip rings and brushes.

24
Q

Lower speed gyros require power from?

A

14/28 VDC.

25
Q

What are Advantages to Alternating current to power a gyro?

A
  1. Higher speed, giving greater inertia
  2. Lower current consumption
  3. Less Noise
  4. Greater accuracy
26
Q

Gyros should never be removed from an aircraft until?

A

At least 30 minutes has passed from power removal of aircraft.

27
Q

Electrically driven gyros can incorporate what to slow it down?

A

Form of electrical dynamic braking.

28
Q

Which gyro instrument is illustrated here? and what are its characterisitcs?

A

Artificial Horizon
Vertical Axes - Horizontal plane of rotation
Tied Gyro
Displacement Gyro (Rigidity)

29
Q

What is this instrument and how does it differ from a AH?

A
  1. Attitude director indicator
  2. Provides the pilot with pitch/roll commands sent from the flight director. These appear as command bars on the indicator.
30
Q

What components make up the flight director?

A
  1. Flight director or ADI
  2. HSI
  3. Mode select panel
  4. Flight director computer.
31
Q

What does the output of the flight director computer drive?

A

Two command or steering pointers on the ADI.

32
Q

What is required when an aircraft uses remotely mounted vertical gyroscopes?

A

A Standby/secondary attitude indicator mounted on the instrument panel. electrically powered.

33
Q

What instrument is this and what are its characteristics?

A

Heading indicator
1. Horizontal Axis - Vertical plane
2. Tied Gyro
3. Displacement Gyro (Rigidity)

34
Q

Heading indicators/Horizontal situation indicators can have remotely mounted horizontal spin axes gyros, what maintains alignment of the gyro to earths magnetic field.?

A

Flux Valve

35
Q

What instrument is this?

A

Horizontal situation Indicator

36
Q

What kind of gyro is this?

A

Rate Gyro

37
Q

Forces along which aircraft axis cause precession of the illustrated gyro?

A

Yaw

38
Q

What instrument is illustrated?

A

Electrically powered turn and bank indicator.

39
Q

Difference between turn and bank indicator and turn co-ordinator?

A

Turn coordinator indicates a turn more quickly, as it responds as soon as the aircraft commences to bank. Gyro is at 30 degree tilt.

40
Q

What instrument is illustrated?

A

Turn, co-ordinator

41
Q

Forces along which to axis causes precession of illustrated indicator?

A

Yaw and Roll

42
Q

What are the characteristics of a turn co-ordinator?

A
  1. Rate Gyro
  2. Horizontal Axis
  3. Vertical plane of rotation.
43
Q

Gyro handling precautions.

A

1.Pack with 100mm of foam rubber between gyro and shipping container.
2.Handle like rotten eggs
3.Handle as if always servicable.

Module 11 (9 decks)

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