11.4 cell division plays important roles in the sexual life cycle

Question 1

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 1

-Based on mitosis.
-Single-celled organisms reproduce themselves with each cell cycle.

Question 2

Multicellular Asexual Reproduction

Answer 2

-Some multicellular organisms also reproduce asexually.
-Examples include aspen trees sprouting shoots from the root system.

Question 3

Advantages of Asexual Reproduction

Answer 3

-Requires less energy.
-Rapid reproduction but lacks genetic diversity.

Question 4

Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction

Answer 4

-mortality to diseases or environmental changes due to lack of genetic variation.

Question 5

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 5

-Offspring are not identical to parents.
-Involves the creation of gametes through meiosis.

Question 6

Meiosis and Gamete Formation

Answer 6

-Meiosis generates genetic diversity through the creation of haploid gametes.
-Each parent contributes one gamete containing one set of chromosomes (haploid, n).

Question 7

Genetic Variation

Answer 7

-Offspring and gametes differ genetically from each other and the parents.

Question 8

Meiosis in Somatic Cells

Answer 8

-Somatic cells are body cells that aren’t gametes.
-They have homologous pairs of chromosomes with corresponding genes.

Question 9

Fertilization

Answer 9

-Fusion of two haploid gametes forms a diploid zygote.
-Zygote contains two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent (diploid, 2n).

Question 10

Evolutionary Significance of Meiosis

Answer 10

-Meiosis generates genetic diversity, which is crucial for evolution.

Question 11

Sexual Life Cycles

Answer 11

-Different versions of sexual life cycles evolved.
-Involves alternation between meiosis to produce haploid cells and fertilization to restore diploid state.

Question 12

Alternation of Generations

Answer 12

-Haploid cells or organisms alternate with diploid cells or organisms in various life cycles.