11.3B Flashcards
What does sustainably managing transport systems mean?
Managing transport demand and improving transport supply through a range of strategies
Balancing the demand and supply such that the needs of the present can be met without compromising the needs of the future
Why is there a need for laws and policies on transport/describe why ~ is important
Ensure road safety
Road safety campaigns raise awareness and educate all road users on practicing good road safety habits
Describe how car-lite policies sustainably manage transport (what, how)
Encourage use of alternatives e.g. public transport and other forms of active mobility (i.e. walking and cycling)
Increasing supply of public transport and promoting use of other environmentally friendly transport modes
(Likely to change ppl travel habits when they find it) costly to own/use private transport
Travel by public transport/bicycle/foot deemed more efficient and affordable
Describe how COE is used as a sustainable management strategy
Certificate of Entitlement (form of vehicle quota system introduced in 1990)
Bid for COE to own new vehicle -> right to own and use vehicle for 10 years -> renewed/vehicle scrapped/exported
IN SG
Zero vehicle growth stance for all motor vehicles since Feb 2018 (promote a car-lite society)
Population of private vehicles capped, cannot grow any further
Limit vehicle growth -> reduce need to increase SG road capacity (keep to amt of vehicles road can accommodate)
Describe the use of road pricing/congestion pricing to sustainably manage transport
Strategy to manage road congestion, shape travel behaviour & raise revenue to finance transport system
Makes driving costlier compared to using public transport (disincentive)
Drivers charged premium when they use certain roads during specific time periods
Diverts them to other routes/roads instead
Reduces volume of vehicles at certain roads (esp during peak periods)
Drivers who continue to use these roads contribute to revenue raised to finance transport system
Example of Stockholm (road pricing)
Two thirds of approximately 318 000 ppl commute daily into the city centre for work
Congestion pricing system became official in 2007
!Traffic in and out of city centre has reduced by approx 20% & traffic delays decreased 30-50%! (Main thing i think)
Revenue from congestion pricing system used to support development of public transport!
Limitations/challenges of road pricing
- While road pricing helps to reduce congestion at certain stretches of roads, often, traffic is diverted elsewhere instead
- Regulations on vehicle usage have to be tightly enforced to ensure the effectiveness of road pricing
Describe land use planning
Where and how land should be used
Key in shaping the demand for travel and distance needed for travel
i.e. (when business parks and commercial centres offering employment opportunities are planned near residential areas)
Need for long distance commuted is reduced
Describe transport planning
Process of forecasting operation, provision and management of infrastructure & services for various transport modes to meet current and future usage needs
Good planning ensures that facilities and services are able to move ppl in a safe, affordable, convenient & environmentally friendly manner
Example on SG land transport master plan (LTMP 2040)
Long term plan to shape future of land transport
Aims to develop a convenient, well-connected and fast transport network
Looks at developing inclusive infrastructure, promoting gracious behaviours & enabling safer journeys by public transport
(Integrated land use planning)
Well planned towns and cities with plenty of opportunities for employment, education, healthcare, recreation and other services
Reduced travel time and need to travel far/make frequent trips
20 min towns, 45 min cities
Journeys made using public, active & shared modes of transport to neighbourhood city centre and across the city to be completed within 20 min and 45 min respectively during peak periods
Greater efficiency & connectivity
Limitations/challenges of integrated land use planning
-requires close coordination and communication between diff stakeholders to balance social, economic & transport needs
-takes time & involves huge investments (cost) in infrastructure designs and development (i.e. encourage active mobility, designing & developing pedestrian & bicycle infrastructure is key)
E.g. of pedestrian & bicycle infrastructure
-walkable distance from a location (known as pedestrian shed) usually defined as a 5 min/ 400m walk
-wide, shaded paths with attractive building facades and shop fronts within the pedestrian shed helps to provide comfortable walking experiences