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M11 > 11.10 FUEL SYSTEMS👌🏼 > Flashcards

11.10 FUEL SYSTEMS👌🏼 Flashcards

1
Q

Where are fuel tanks located?

A
  • wings
  • fuselage centre
  • some have tanks in horizontal stabiliser
    (Known as auxiliary tanks)
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2
Q

What are trim tanks?

A
  • storing fuel and used to also trim aircraft
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3
Q

What are fuel lines/fittings made from?

A
  • rigid pipe - stainless steel/aluminium alloy (connected with MS or AN fitting)
  • Hoses - synthetic rubber inside, braided stainless steel exterior
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4
Q

What else can further protect fuel lines/fittings?

A
  • fire sleeve cover to protect from fire and abrasion
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5
Q

Explain what is done when a fuel line fitting is found to be leaking?

A
  • torque if not correctly done
  • if leak does not stop, depressurise fuel line, disconnect fitting, inspect and replace
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6
Q

What must be ensured when metal fuel lines are used on aircraft?

A
  • electrically bonded and grounded to aircraft structure
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7
Q

What are the 2 basic types of fuel

A
  • Reciprocating engine fuel (AVGAS)
  • turbine engine fuel (jet fuel)
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8
Q

Explain AVGAS

A
  • Reciprocating engine
  • combustion releases energy in fuel which is converted into mechanical motion (piston engines)
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9
Q

What are the 3 basic turbine engine fuel?

A
  • Jet A1
  • Jet A
  • Jet B
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10
Q

What is the advantage of Jet B fuel over Jet A

A
  • Can handle colder conditions
  • lower freezing point (-50*c)
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11
Q

What is the freezing point of Jet A and Jet A1 fuel

A
  • Jet A -40*c
  • Jet A1 -47*c
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12
Q

What colour are turbine fuels

A
  • colourless or straw
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13
Q

What are the 3 types of aircraft fuel tanks

A
  • Rigid removable fuel tanks
  • Bladder fuel tanks
  • Integral fuel tanks
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14
Q

Explain rigid removable fuel tanks?

A
  • like a car
  • tanks riveted or welded together (leakproof)
  • Includes baffle plates
  • must be secured to airframe
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15
Q

Explain bladder fuel tanks?

A
  • reinforced flexible material
  • does not require large opening
  • should lie smooth and no wrinkles
  • patch can be used to repair
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16
Q

Integral fuel tanks

A
  • wings, fuselage to form a fuel tank
  • fuel tank sealed with fuel resistant 2 part sealant
  • fuel tanks in wings referred as ‘wet wings’
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17
Q

What prevents fuel from moving around the aircraft?

A
  • baffles
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18
Q

What are baffle check valves

A
  • allows fuel to move to the low inboard section of tank
  • prevents outboard movement of fuel
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19
Q

Where are integral access panels located

A
  • underside of wing
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20
Q

Main reason for Nitrogen generating system (NGS)?

A
  • reducing risk of fuel explosion by replacing oxygen in fuel tanks with nitrogen
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21
Q

Explain how NGS (Nitrogen generating system work

A
  • engine bleed air system
  • oxygen, nitrogen and other gases is then cool
  • goes into ASM (air separation module)
  • oxygen is vented out the system
  • nitrogen en-riched air is put into fuel tank
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22
Q

Can nitrogen in a fuel tank cause combustions?

A

No

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23
Q

When is low flow mode activated for On Board Inert Gas Genration System?

A
  • when air pressure is low (cruising conditions)
24
Q

When would On Board Inert Gas Generation System go in high flow mode?

A
  • when air pressure rises
  • pumping nitrogen at faster rate as more oxygen is subjected
25
Q

How much maximum oxygen content is allowed to be maintained on landing?

A
  • 12%
26
Q

What are the 4 fuel leak classification?

A
  • stain
  • seep
  • heavy seep
  • running leak
27
Q

What do you do to find out what classification of fuel leak has occurred?

A
  • clean surface and wait 30mins
28
Q

Explain SFAR 88

A
  • requires permanent safety of fuel tanks
  • special inspections and maintenance procedures
29
Q

Explain Critical design control configuration (CDCCL) ?

A
  • features in aircraft must be maintained during repair, mods etc
30
Q
  • why is fuel venting important before maintenance is carried out
A
  • vapour concentration must be below lower explosive limit
  • must have adequate oxygen level inside tank
  • fuel tank must be ‘safe’ before entering
31
Q
  • why is fuel venting important before maintenance is carried out
A
  • vapour concentration must be below lower explosive limit
  • must have adequate oxygen level inside tank
  • fuel tank must be ‘safe’ before entering
32
Q

What are gas detectors

A
  • measure concentration of combustible vapours
  • alarm when it’s raised to explosive hazard levels
33
Q

What are gas detectors

A
  • measure concentration of combustible vapours
  • alarm when it’s raised to explosive hazard levels
34
Q

What are the 3 fuel supply systems

A
  • gravity feed
  • pressure feed
  • injection feed
35
Q

Explain gravity fuel feed system

A
  • gravity needed to supply fuel to engine
  • usually high wing aircraft
36
Q

Explain pressure fuel feed system

A
  • engine driven/electric pump must be used
37
Q

Explain injection fuel feed system

A
  • gravity + fuel pump
38
Q

Explain hand operated fuel pumps

A
  • manual pump (continuous delivery)
  • con = requires fuel line in flight deck
39
Q

Explain vane-type fuel pumps

A
  • constant displacement pump moving constant volume of fuel with each revolution
  • electric motor rotates pump shaft
  • engine driven = driven by accessory gearbox
  • excess pressure goes into outlet valve and the rest comes back to inlet
40
Q

Explain centrifugal pumps

A
  • usually electric and submerged in fuel tank or located outside of the bottom of the tank, with inlet of pump extending into tank
  • ensures positive pressure
  • shut off valve - so pump can be replaced without draining tank
41
Q

Explain ejector pumps

A
  • used to always maintain a fuel supply
  • fuel flow inboard towards the fuel pumps
42
Q

What are the 3 common fuel filters?

A
  • micron filter
  • wafer screen filter
  • plain screen mesh filter
43
Q

Which filter has the greatest filtering action

A

Micron filter

44
Q

Explain dumping/Jettison

A
  • system that allows flight crew to dump fuel overboard
  • Jettison lines shared with refuelling manifold
  • jettison switches are usually guarded
45
Q

Why are fuel vents designed

A
  • prevent build up of pressure in fuel tank
46
Q

What are surge tanks

A

Designed to contain fuel overflow and prevent spillage

47
Q

What are vent float valves

A
  • fuel is low = valve open (float keeps valve open)
  • fuel is high = valve closed (float rises)
48
Q

What are flapper valves

A
  • prevent fuel from travelling outboard during manoeuvres
  • allow fuel to drain inboard during operation
49
Q

What is the purpose of draining

A
  • drain water from fuel tank
  • drain fuel for maintenance
50
Q

Explain manual drainage

A
  • consists of valve piston and internal check valve
  • closed by springs
  • pressure onto check valve opens and liquid can be drained
51
Q

What does the fuel cross feed valve allow

A
  • flow between left and right engine fuel feed manifolds
  • one/two fuel tanks can supply both engines
52
Q

What does the fuel entry coupling incorporate

A
  • spring loaded check valve preventing fuel leaks
53
Q

What are the 3 refuelling methods

A
  • manual
  • automatic
  • override
54
Q

2 methods of defuelling

A
  • pressure defuelling
  • suction defuelling
55
Q

Explain pressure defuelling

A
  • boost pumps used
  • pump feeds, fuel feed manifold to the defuel valve
56
Q

Explain suction defuelling

A
  • fuel truck used
  • manual defuel valve must be open during suction
  • if crossfeed valve is open, fuel is driven out of both tanks
  • takes longer time than pressure defuelling
  • can be done without aircraft power
57
Q

What is used to compensate for CG change in the air

A
  • THS fuel tank to balance aircraft as CG moves
  • simply a transfer of fuel between tanks

M11 (17 decks)

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