11.1- The Scramble for Africa Flashcards
Imperialism
the seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country
David Livingstone
missionary from Scotland who set out into central Africa to promote Christianity
Henry Stanley
found Livingstone, signed treaties that gave King Leopold II of Belgium control over the lands of the Congo
Leopold II
Belgium, claimed primary motive in establishing his colony was to abolish the slave trade and promote Christianity
In reality brutally exploited Africans
racism
the belief that one race is superior to others
Social Darwinism
Darwin’s ideas about evolution and NATURAL SELECTION were applied to society, those who were fittest for survival enjoyed wealth and success and were CONISIDERED SUPERIOR to others
Europeans believed they had the RIGHT and the DUTY to bring the results of their progress to other countries
Factors Promoting Imperialism in Africa
European technological superiority
Europe had the means to control their empire
Quinine to prevent malaria
Europe played rival ethnic groups against each other
world’s first machine gun
the Maxim gun, 1817
Berlin Conference
14 European nations gathered to lay down rules for the division of Africa
Only two countries to not be immediately conquered by Europe
Liberia and Ethiopia
What wealth lay in the Belgian Congo
copper and tin
What wealth lay in South Africa
gold and diamonds
Shaka
Zulu chief who used highly disciplined warriors and good military organization to create a large centralized state
Battle of Ulundi
Zulus lost their kingdom to the British
Boers
Dutch settlers who established farms in the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa
