1.1.1 structure and function of the processor

Question 1

ALU

Airtimetic and logic unit

Answer 1

completes all the mathematical and logical operations​.
Arithmetical operations = + -
Logical operations include boolean logic operations such as AND, OR, NOT, and XOR.

Question 2

The Control Unit

Answer 2

directs the operations of the CPU​
* Controlling and coordinating the activities of the CPU
* Managing the flow of data between the CPU and other devices
* Accepting the next instruction
* Decoding instructions
* Storing the resulting data back in memory

Question 3

Program Counter (PC)

Answer 3

Holds the ​address​ of the ​next instruction​ to be executed

Question 4

Accumulator (ACC)

Answer 4

Stores the ​results from calculations

Question 5

Data Bus

Answer 5

This is used for transporting ​data​ and ​instructions​ between components

This is a ​bi-directional bus​ (meaning bits can be carried in both directions).

Question 6

Address Bus

Answer 6

This is the bus used to transmit the ​memory addresses​ specifying where data is to be sent to or retrieved from.

The width of the address bus is proportional to the ​number of addressable memory locations​.

Question 7

Control Bus

Answer 7

This is a ​bi-directional​ bus used to transmit ​control signals​ between internal and external components.

The control bus coordinates the use of the address and data buses and provides status information between system components.

Question 8

Pipelining

Answer 8

the process of completing the fetch, decode, and execute cycles of ​three separate instructions​ ​simultaneously​, holding appropriate data in a ​buffer​ in close proximity to the CPU until it’s required.

While one instruction is being executed, another can be decoded and another fetched.

This allows more instruction to be executed per second

Question 9

aims of pipelining

Answer 9

Pipelining is aimed to reduce the amount of time CPU which is kept ​idle​. It is separated into instruction pipelining​ and ​arithmetic pipelining​.

Question 10

instruction pipelining

Answer 10

Instruction pipelining is separating out the instruction into fetching, decoding, and executing

Question 11

arithmetic piplelining

Answer 11

Arithmetic pipelining is breaking down the arithmetic operations and overlapping them as they are performed.