11.1 Flashcards
What is heredity?
Passing of characteristics from parents to offspring.
Who was Gregor mendel?
Austrian monk in charge of the monastery garden.
Carried out his work with garden peas.
Why did Mendel use garden peas?
They were small, easy to grow, created large amounts of offspring.
What is fertilization?
During sexual reproduction, male and female reproductive cells join.
What is a trait?
Specific characteristics of an individual such as a seed color or height. Varies for each individual.
What is cross pollination?
A plant produced from two different parents.
It allowed Mendel to breed various pea plants with diff. traits as their parents.
What are hybrids?
Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits.
What is the ‘P’ generation?
In genetic crosses, the original pair of plants (parents)
What is the ‘F1’ generation?
The offspring of genetically crossed parents.
What is the first conclusion Mendel made?
An individual’s characteristics are determined by factors that are passed from one generation to the next. The factors passed from parents are called GENES
What are alleles?
Different forms of genes
What was mendels second conclusion?
The principle of dominance. It states that some alleles are dominant and some are recessive.
What is segregation?
Separation
What happens to alleles in gamete formation?
The alleles for each gene segregate from each other. So then each gamete carries only 1 allele for each gene.
What happened when Mendel compared F2 plants?
He discovered that the traits controlled by recessive alleles reappeared in the 2nd generation.
Roughly, what is the ratio of F2 plants showed the trait controlled by the recessive allele?
One fourth
What did the reappearance of the recessive trait in F2 generation indicate?
At some point, the allele for shortness segregated from the alleles for tallness. Mendel suggests that they separated in the F1 plants during the formation of gametes.
What do the upper and lower case letters represent?
Capital - dominant allele
Lower - recessive allele
What are genetics?
- The study of heredity
- key to understanding what makes organisms unique
