2m- Reproductive behaviours and mating systems in animals Flashcards

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1
Q

What are mating systems based on?

A

How many mates an individual has during one breeding season

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2
Q

What are the four mating systems?

A
  • polygamy
  • polygyny
  • polyandry
  • monogamy
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3
Q

What is monogamy?

A

The mating of a pair of animals to the exclusion of all others

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4
Q

What is polygamy?

A

Individuals of one sex have more than one mate

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5
Q

What is polygyny?

A

One male mates exclusively with a group of females

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6
Q

What is polyandry?

A

One female mates with a number of males in the same breeding season

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7
Q

What can successful courtship behaviour in birds and fish be a result of?

A

Species-specific stimuli and fixed action pattern responses

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8
Q

What does sexual selection select for?

A

Characteristics that have little survival benefit for the individual, but increase their chances of mating

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9
Q

What do most species exhibit as a product of sexual selection?

A

Sexual dimorphism

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10
Q

What is usually different between males and females of the same species?

A

Females are generally inconspicuous, whereas males have more conspicuous markings, structures and behaviours

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11
Q

What does female choice involve?

A

Females assessing honest signals of the fitness of males

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12
Q

What can honest signals indicate?

A

Favourable alleles that increase the chance of survival of offspring (fitness) or a low parasite burden suggesting a healthy individual

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13
Q

Reversed sexual dimorphism can occur in some species, what is this?

A

Where females are the more conspicuous of the two sexes

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14
Q

What occurs in lekking species?

A

Males gather at a lek, where female choice occurs

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15
Q

Some bird species exhibit lekking behaviour, what does this involve?

A

Dominant males occupy the centre of the lek, with subordinates and juveniles at the fringes as “satellite” males. During the display, female choice occurs

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16
Q

What does success in male-male rivalry through conflict (real or ritualised) increase?

A

Access to females for mating

17
Q

Why will males of a species fight each other?

A

For dominance and access to females, they often use elaborate “weapons” such as antlers, tusks and horns