1.10 Introduction to Biological Molecules (3.1.2.1) Flashcards
Individual biological molecules that can be linked to form chains are called…
monomers
Which type of reaction take place every time a monomer undergoes polymerisation?
a condensation reaction
Which polymer do many mononucleotides form?
Polynucleotides
Name the common biological monomers
mononucleotides (or just nucleotides)
monosaccharides
amino acids
Describe a hydrogen bond
When the positive charge of one polar molecule is attracted to the negative charge of another polar molecule.
a hydrolysis reaction requires…
the addition of water to separate a polymer into its monomers.
What is meant by metabolism?
All of the chemical reactions that are taking place in the human body
What is a solute?
The solid that is dissolved to make a solution
Name 3 common biological polymers
Polynucleotides
Polysaccharides
Polypeptides (proteins)
Describe a covalent bond
When atoms share a pair of electrons in their outer shell.
Which polymer do many monosaccharides form?
Polysaccharides
a condensation reaction releases…
a water molecule when monomers join
Name the 3 types of bond that join biological molecules together
Covalent bonds
Ionic bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Long chains of monomer sub units are called…
polymers
What is a molecule?
When two or more atoms are chemically bonded together.
Describe an ionic bond
When oppositely charge ions are attracted to one another e.g. Na+ and Cl-
What is an atom?
The smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist
How can we easily find the mass of 1 mole of an element?
Look up the atomic mass of the element on a periodic table.
what is a solvent?
The liquid that a solute is dissolved into to make a solution
Which polymer do many amino acids form?
Polypeptides (proteins)
Which type of reaction take place every time a polymer is broken down into monomers?
hydrolysis
name the molecule
unsaturated fatty acid
Name a biological molecule that contains nitrogen
protein/amino acids
DNA
RNA
ATP/ADP
NAD/NADP
nucleotide
define a monomer
smaller/repeating unit/molecule from which a larger molecule is made (polymer)
What monomers make up lactose?
galactose and glucose
name the bond between 2 monosaccarides
glycosidic
name the bond between fatty acids and glycerol
ester
