1.10 Introduction to Biological Molecules (3.1.2.1) Flashcards

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1
Q

Individual biological molecules that can be linked to form chains are called…

A

monomers

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2
Q

Which type of reaction take place every time a monomer undergoes polymerisation?

A

a condensation reaction

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3
Q

Which polymer do many mononucleotides form?

A

Polynucleotides

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4
Q

Name the common biological monomers

A

mononucleotides (or just nucleotides)

monosaccharides

amino acids

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5
Q

Describe a hydrogen bond

A

When the positive charge of one polar molecule is attracted to the negative charge of another polar molecule.

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6
Q

a hydrolysis reaction requires…

A

the addition of water to separate a polymer into its monomers.

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7
Q

What is meant by metabolism?

A

All of the chemical reactions that are taking place in the human body

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8
Q

What is a solute?

A

The solid that is dissolved to make a solution

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9
Q

Name 3 common biological polymers

A

Polynucleotides

Polysaccharides

Polypeptides (proteins)

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10
Q

Describe a covalent bond

A

When atoms share a pair of electrons in their outer shell.

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11
Q

Which polymer do many monosaccharides form?

A

Polysaccharides

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12
Q

a condensation reaction releases…

A

a water molecule when monomers join

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13
Q

Name the 3 types of bond that join biological molecules together

A

Covalent bonds

Ionic bonds

Hydrogen bonds

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14
Q

Long chains of monomer sub units are called…

A

polymers

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15
Q

What is a molecule?

A

When two or more atoms are chemically bonded together.

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16
Q

Describe an ionic bond

A

When oppositely charge ions are attracted to one another e.g. Na+ and Cl-

17
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist

18
Q

How can we easily find the mass of 1 mole of an element?

A

Look up the atomic mass of the element on a periodic table.

19
Q

what is a solvent?

A

The liquid that a solute is dissolved into to make a solution

20
Q

Which polymer do many amino acids form?

A

Polypeptides (proteins)

21
Q

Which type of reaction take place every time a polymer is broken down into monomers?

A

hydrolysis

22
Q

name the molecule

A

unsaturated fatty acid

23
Q

Name a biological molecule that contains nitrogen

A

protein/amino acids

DNA

RNA

ATP/ADP

NAD/NADP

nucleotide

24
Q

define a monomer

A

smaller/repeating unit/molecule from which a larger molecule is made (polymer)

25
Q

What monomers make up lactose?

A

galactose and glucose

26
Q

name the bond between 2 monosaccarides

A

glycosidic

27
Q

name the bond between fatty acids and glycerol

A

ester