1.1 Upper Respiratory Tract Infections Flashcards
<p>What are some examples of upper respiratory tract infections?</p>
<p>Otitis media</p>
<p>Rhinitis</p>
<p>Tonsillitis</p>
<p>Pharyngitis</p>
<p>Laryngitis</p>
<p>Epiglottitis</p>
<p>What is laryngitis also known as?</p>
<p>Croup or laryngotracheobronchitis</p>
<p>How is bacteria inside us all the time but not causing infection?</p>
<p>As commensals, meaning they are harmless</p>
<p>What is a problem with commensals always being present?</p>
<p>It can be hard to tell what is a commensal and what is a pathogen</p>
<p>Where do most infections originate from?</p>
<p>Bacteria that was in the body before hand</p>
<p>What does URTI stand up for?</p>
<p>Upper respiratory tract infection</p>
<p>What is the prevalence of upper respiratory tract infections?</p>
<p></p>
<p>Acute upper respiratory tract infections (7% of all admissions)</p>
<p>Acute tonsillitis (3%)</p>
<p>Croup (3%)</p>
<p>Otitis media (0.5%)</p>
<p>What is important to know about the relationship between upper respiratory tract infections and hospital admissions?</p>
<p>Only a small percentage of upper respiratory tract infections leads to hospital admissions</p>
<p>Why is it difficult to know whether you should prescribe antibiotics are not?</p>
<p>You cannot tell if the patient is going to get better or worse</p>
<p>What is the best way to know whether antibiotics should be prescribed?</p>
<p>Get the parents to review them in the future and to come back if it gets worse</p>
<p>What is the most common upper respiratory tract infection?</p>
<p>Rhinitis (5 to 10 per year)</p>
<p>What does prodrome mean?</p>
<p>Early symptom indicating the onset of a disease</p>
<p>What does rhinitis prodrome?</p>
<p>Pneumonia</p>
<p>Meningitis</p>
<p>Septicaemia</p>
<p>What kind of condition if rhinitis?</p>
<p>Self-limiting</p>
<p>What is the prevalence of ototis media?</p>
<p>Common</p>
<p>What kind of condition is otitis media?</p>
<p>Self limiting</p>
<p>When is otitis media primary and secondary?</p>
<p>Primary viral infection</p>
<p>Secondary with pneumococcus/H'flu</p>
<p>What does otitis media cause?</p>
<p>Spontaneous rupture of the eardrum</p>
<p>How useful are antibiotics for otitis media?</p>
<p>They do not usually help</p>
<p>What is the prevalence of tonsillitis/pharyngitis?</p>
<p>Common</p>
<p>Is tonsillitis/pharyngitis caused by viruses or bacteria?</p>
<p>Either</p>
<p>How does the severity of tonsillitis/pharyngitis drastically change?</p>
<p>It either requires nothing or 10 days of penicillin</p>
<p>What should you never give to someone with tonsillitis/pharyngitis?</p>
<p>Amoxicillin</p>
<p>What is the most common cause of tonsillitis/pharyngitis?</p>
<p>Throat commensal of streptococcus</p>
What is an indicator of croup/epiglottitis?
Distinctive barking cough and stridor
What is rhinitis more commonly known as?
Runny nose
How long can rhinitis take to clear?
Up to 15 days
What are symptoms of otitis media?
Ear pain
Temperature
Pus
Redness
Bulging drum
How long can otitis media (ear ache) take to clear?
Up to 9 days
How does treatment with antibiotics change the duration of the infection?
Barely changes it and so is not worth using due to possible side effects
What is the main side effect of antibiotics?
Diarrhoea
What are advantages of defered treatment?
Fewer patients treated
Fewer side effects
Benefits from immediate treatment only after pain is gone
What is worth prescribing for otitis media?
Analgesia (pain killer)
How long can a sore throat last up to?
7 days
What are differences between croup and epiglottitis?
Croup is caused by para'flu, common, child is well, barking cough, needs dexamethasone
Epiglottitis is caused by H.Influenza type B, rare, stridor and drooling, needs antibiotics
What do you prescribe to someone with croup?
Dexamethasone
What is the duration of croup?
Up to 3 days
What is croup?
Childhood condition that affects the windpipe (trachea), the airways to the lungs (bronchi) and the voice box (larynx)
What is A?
Rhinitis
What is B?
Tonsillitis
What is D?
Laryngitis
What is E?
Epiglottitis
What is F?
Pharyngitis
What is G?
Otitis media
