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WsetDip D1 > 1.1 The Anatomy of the Vine > Flashcards

1.1 The Anatomy of the Vine Flashcards

1
Q

Name the species of grape most commonly used for winemaking.

A

Vitis Vinifera

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2
Q

To where is Vitis Vinifera indigenous?

A

Eurasia

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3
Q

What are the 4 most common North American grape species?

A
  1. Vitis labrusca
  2. Vitis riparia
  3. Vitis berlandieri
  4. Vitis rupestris
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4
Q

What is the main function of the North American grape species?

A

Rootstocks onto which V. vinifera is grafted

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5
Q

Name the 4 sections of a vine.

A
  1. main shoots
  2. one-year-old wood
  3. permanent wood
  4. roots
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6
Q

What is the canopy?

A

The main shoots and all of their major structures – stem, buds, leaves, lateral shoots, tendrils and inflorescences/grape bunches

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7
Q

What is the function of the stem?

A
  • -Transports water and solutes to and from the different structures (solutes are substances that dissolve in a liquid to form a solution and in this instance include sugars and minerals)
  • -A store of carbohydrates
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8
Q

What are nodes and internodes?

A

Nodes: The little swellings along the stem, where the other structures are attached
Internodes: The lengths of stem in between the nodes.

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9
Q

What are canes?

A

In late summer, the leaves fall from the vine and the green shoots lignify (become woody and rigid) and turn brown; from this point they are called canes.

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10
Q

What are buds? Where do they form?

A
  • -Buds form between the leaf stalk (petiole) and the stem.
  • -As they mature they contain all the structures in miniature that will become green parts of the vine, including the stem, buds, tendrils, leaves and often inflorescences.
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11
Q

What are the two types of buds?

A

Compound buds and Prompt buds

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12
Q

What are Compound buds? When do they form?

Name another name for Compound buds.
Name the parts of a Compound bud.

A

AKA Latent buds

  • They form in one growing season and break open in the next growing season (provided they are retained during winter pruning).
  • They produce the main shoots in the next growing season.
  • Within a compound bud, there is typically a primary bud (the main growing point) and smaller secondary and tertiary buds. The secondary and tertiary buds usually only grow if damage has occurred to the primary bud (e.g. spring frost).
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13
Q

What are Prompt buds? Where do they form?

A
  • -They form and break open in the same growing season.

- -They form on the main shoot (that has just grown from a compound bud) and produce lateral shoots.

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14
Q

What is a lateral shoot? What is their main function? What is another function?

A
  • -They grow from buds formed in the current year (prompt buds).
  • -Smaller and thinner than the main shoot
  • -Their main function is to allow the plant to carry on growing if the tip of the main shoot has been damaged or eaten.
  • -Can provide an additional source of leaves for photosynthesis
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15
Q

Name 2 reasons why a lateral shoot growing near the base of the main shoot may be undesirable.

A

They impede air flow and can shade the fruit too much.

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16
Q

What is the ‘second crop’ on lateral shoots?

A
  • -Lateral shoots often produce inflorescences

- -These inflorescences become bunches of grapes later than those on the main stem and hence ripen later.

17
Q

If harvested at the same time as the main crop, describe the effect on wine a second crop might have.

A
  • -Higher in acidity
  • -Lower in potential alcohol
  • -May have unripe tannins and aromas/flavours
  • -In black grapes, less colour
18
Q

What’s the benefit of hand harvesting when it comes to the second crop?

A

You can be selective and pick the second crop later instead of mixing.

19
Q

What is the function of the tendrils?

A
  • -Support the vine

- -The tendrils curl around trellis wires and keep the canopy in place.

20
Q

What is the function of the leaves?

A

–The site of photosynthesis (sugars used for growth and metabolism)

21
Q

What are stomata? What do the stomata do if the vine is water stressed?

A
    • Pores on the underside of the leaves
    • Let water diffuse out
    • Let CO2 in

– Close if the vine is water stressed

22
Q

What is an inflorescence? How many are there on each main shoot?

A
  • -The inflorescence is a cluster of flowers on a stem, which becomes a bunch of grapes at fruit set.
  • -The number of inflorescences on each main shoot can depend on the grape variety, but is usually between one and three.
23
Q

What does a fertilised inflorescence become?

A

A bunch of grapes

24
Q

Name a grape variety with very tight bunches. What is the downside to this?

A

Pinot Noir

–Prone to fungal diseases due to damage of the grape skin

25
Q

What are the three parts of a grape?

A
  1. Pulp
  2. Skin
  3. Seeds
26
Q

What makes up the majority of the grape’s weight and volume?

A

Pulp

27
Q

What does grape pulp contain?

A

–It contains water, sugars, acids and some aroma compounds and aroma precursor.

28
Q

What color is most pulp? What is the exception?

A
  • The pulp of most grapes is colourless.

- Exceptions: teinturier varieties, which have red-coloured pulp (e.g. Alicante Bouschet) not common.

29
Q

What do the skins contain?

A

–The skin of the grape contains a high concentration of aroma compounds and aroma precursors, tannins and colour compounds.

30
Q

What do the seeds contain? What color are the seeds?

A
  • -Seeds contain oils, tannins and the embryo, which can grow into a new plant.
    • Seeds mature inside the grape, turning yellow to dark brown.
31
Q

What is the bloom?

A

A powdery waxy coating that covers the surface of the grape.

32
Q

What is One-Year-Old Wood? What is its main purpose?

A
  • -One-year-old wood refers to the main shoots from the last growing season that were kept at pruning.
  • -It supports the compound buds that will break to release the main shoots for the upcoming growing season.
33
Q

What is Permanent Wood? What is the main function?

A
  • -These are the woody parts of the vine that are older than one year, including the trunk.
  • -The trunk and cordons provide support for the other parts of the vine.
  • -They transport water and solutes to and from different parts of the vine and store carbohydrates and nutrients.
34
Q

What is the function of the roots?

A
    • Anchor the vine
    • Uptake of water and nutrients
    • Store of carbohydrates
    • Produce hormones that have important functions within vine growth and grape ripening
35
Q

How far in the soil do the roots typically go?

A
    • Most: up to 50 cm

- - Some: over 6 m

36
Q

Where are water and nutrients absorbed from the soil?

A

At the root tips, where the roots are actively growing.

WsetDip D1 (87 decks)

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