11. PLANT HEALTH CARE WORKBOOK

Question 1

True or False—Plant Health Care and Integrated Pest Management are essentially the same thing.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

What are the five primary functions of carbohydrates produced through photosynthesis?

Answer 2

• Growth
• Maintenance
• Reproduction
• Storage
• Defense

Question 3

What factors are often related to soil quality or environmental conditions and can be caused by human activities?

Answer 3

Stress factors

Question 4

What two components in tree cells make them indigestible to many insects and pathogens?

Answer 4

Cellulose and Lignin

Question 5

What substances do trees produce that have toxic or deterrent effects on insects? The consist of tannins and other phenols.

Answer 5

Allelochemicals

Question 6

True or False—Rapidly growing trees may be less resistant to insects and diseases.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What is the process of observing, identifying, recording, and analyzing what happens with plants in the landscape?

Answer 7

Monitoring

Question 8

What is the name of the process that involves gathering information, assessing problems, determining client expectations, and deciding on a course of action?

Answer 8

Appropriate response process (ARP)

Question 9

What is the name of the systematic approach to insect and disease management that uses a combination of techniques?

Answer 9

Integrated Pest Management
(Component of Plant Health Care)

Question 10

True or False—A simple degree-day model can predict pest development stages based on temperature thresholds.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What type of trees should arborists select to minimize the impact of pests and diseases?

Answer 11

Resistant trees

Question 12

What are organisms that frequently cause injury to landscape plants?

Answer 12

Key pests/stressors

Question 13

What is the term for extensive plantings of the same species that can lead to catastrophic consequences if a disease is introduced?

Answer 13

Monocultures

Question 14

What are the three main pest management goals in Plant Health Care?

Answer 14

• Prevention
• Eradication
• Suppression

Question 15

True or False—Chemical pesticides work faster than biological control methods.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What type of pesticide is taken up by the plant and transported throughout its tissues?

Answer 16

Systemic pesticides

Question 17

What is the term for a rapid rebound of a pest population due to a lack of natural enemies?

Answer 17

Pest resurgence

Question 18

True or False—Using multiple pesticides with different active ingredients in rotation increases pesticide resistance.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

True or False—Insecticidal soaps disrupt the cell membranes of soft-bodied insects.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What are synthetic compounds that act like insect hormones?

Answer 20

Insect Growth Regulators

Question 21

What type of pesticides are derived from bacterial pathogens of insects?

Answer 21

Microbial pesticides

Question 22

What bacterial species is commonly used in microbial pesticides?

Answer 22

Bacillus thuringiensis

Question 23

What are the three natural control agents in the biological control strategy?

Answer 23

• Predators
• Parasites
• Pathogens

Question 24

True or False—Plant Health Care practitioners should identify both short- and long-term stress factors and use management techniques to remediate them.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Plant Health Care is a comprehensive program to manage:

Answer 25

The appearance, structure, and health of plants

Question 26

The mortality spiral describes the:

Answer 26

Cumulative effects of stress causing decline of a plant over time

Question 27

The process of gathering information, assessing the severity and implications of the problem, determining client expectations, and deciding on a course of action is called:

Answer 27

Appropriate response process

Question 28

A systemic pesticide is one that:

Answer 28

Is translocated throughout the plant

Question 29

A plant's ability to deal effectively with stress and thrive in its given environment

Answer 29

Vitality (individual plant)

Question 30

Plants inherit genetic capacity to resist stress. Environmental stress/Insect and disease resistance.

Answer 30

Vigor (species level)

Question 31

Fast Grower= Slow Grower=

Answer 31

Less resources allocated for defence Strong compartmentalizer/higher capacity for stress

Question 32

The study of recurring biological events (pests, flowering, fruiting, leaf drop, etc.) Is often related to seasonal patterns of weather.

Answer 32

Phenology

Question 33

Helps predict pest development stages by recording daily temperatures & monitor and/or set traps.

Answer 33

Degree Day Model

Question 34

A type of pesticide that suppresses or kills pests through direct physical contact with the material or its residue. Can impact non-target insects.

Answer 34

Contact pesticides

Question 35

Preferred pest management approach. It involves reducing pest populations to a tolerable level.

Answer 35

Suppression

Question 36

Proper mulching with a __in to ___in layer of organic mulch is the single best thing that can be done for a tree in many regions.

Answer 36

2 to 4

Question 37

Both the primary pest and natural enemies remain suppressed, and a secondary pest takes advantage of the lack of competition.

Answer 37

Secondary Pest Outbreak

Question 38

Insecticidal soaps, horticultural oils, botanicals, insect growth regulators, microbial based products all fall under this title.

Answer 38

Biorational control products

Question 39

Highly refined soaps that disrupt the cell membranes of soft-bodied insects and mites.

Answer 39

Insecticidal soaps

Question 40

These have insecticidal properties cause they suffocate certain insects or disrupt their membranes. Divided into summer oils and dormant oils. Phytotoxic injury can occur if applied in dry periods

Answer 40

Horticultural oils

Question 41

Method of controlling plant pests by providing a growing environment favorable to the host plant and/unfavorable to the pest.

Answer 41

Cultural control

Question 42

The level of pest population or damage that triggers the need for intervention or treatment to prevent unacceptable harm to the trees

Answer 42

Action threshold