11. Intro to treatment Flashcards

1
Q

What is addiction

A

A treatable disease that affects brain function and behavior

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2
Q

True or false: treatment is right for everyone

A

False: no single treatment is right for all

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3
Q

What does effective treatment need to address

A

All of the patients needs, not just their drug use

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4
Q

Internal barriers to treatment

A
  1. Stigma
  2. psychological (ie depression)
  3. Personal beliefs
  4. Attitudes about abuse
  5. Attitudes about treatment
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5
Q

What is the biggest public opinion lifestyle factor

A

Do not want a drug addict as a neighbor

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6
Q

External barriers to treatment

A
  1. Financial
  2. time conflict
  3. Logistics
  4. Limited availability and accessibility
  5. Enforced treatment
  6. Accessibility to drugs
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7
Q

What is harm reduction

A

A public health approach which minimize the problems associated with use. Alternative to moral, criminal and medical disease models

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8
Q

Effectiveness of Insite Vancouver

A

Decreased needle sharing and reuse

Fewer people injecting

Decreased public disposal of syringes

INcreased referral to methadone maintanence treatment

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9
Q

Are vapes harm reduction or harmful

A

Whilst not the safest, they serve as tobacco harm reduction - better alternative §

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10
Q

Trend for number of calls to poision centres for e-cigs

A

INcrease dramatically

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11
Q

How are e-cigs marketed

A

marketed towards teenagers, flavors to entice etc.

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12
Q

What is correlation between e-cig and tobacco

A

76% of teens who use e-cigs also used regular cigarettes. Dont use as a replacements but in addition

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13
Q

What is detoxification

A

Process of ridding the system of drugs or alcohol under supervised conditions

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14
Q

Is medication readily ued in detox

A

Yes. almost 8-% of detoxifications used meds

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15
Q

What are 3 medications used for opioid addiction

A
  1. Methadone
  2. Buprenorphine
  3. Naltrexone
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16
Q

What is a receptor agonist

A

A substance that has an affinity for and stimulates cell receptor by binding to it. Produces actions similar to those produced by addictive substance

17
Q

What is a receptor antagonist

A

A substance that has affinity for the receptors and blocks that receptor without producing pyschological effects

18
Q

How does methadone work

A

An opioid AGONIST. It occupies a receptor and activates it

19
Q

How often is methadone administered

A

Once daily

20
Q

Where is methadone used

A

Only available at certified opioid treatment programs and acute inpatient hospitals. Used in detox to prevent withdrawl symptoms

21
Q

What is a problem with methadone

A

Like opioids, it is very addictive

22
Q

What is naltrexone

A

An opioid antagonist

23
Q

What is naltrexone used for

A

Prevents relapse, used after medically supervised withdrawal

24
Q

Problems was naltrexone

A

Lead to reduced tolerance to opioids, therefore, increased risk of overdose

25
What is naloxone
An opioid antagonist used to treat opioid overdose. Anyone can carry it. Not pyschoactive, not addictive
26
How does naloxone work
It knocks the opioids off the receptors and allows the person to breathe again and reverse the overdose of the opioid
27
What is buprenorphine
An opioid partial agonist. Helps people withdraw from methadone and heroin. Reduced the need to use heroin
28
How is buprenorphine administered
Sublingual, buccal, subdermal implant, subcutaneous extended release injection
29
What are the 3 medications used for alcohol addiction
Naltrexone, Acamprosate, Disulfiram
30
What does disulfiram do
It discourages alcohol consumption, when combined with alcohol it produces nausea, headaches, heart paplitations and vomiting
31
What does acamprosate do
Helps to restore naturally occurring neurotransmitters, decreasing cravings and urges for alcohol
32
How do the up and coming vaccines work
Introduces a foreign substance into the body and creates antibodies that attack the substance. Substance doesn't have the same effect afterwards
33
Are the up and coming vaccines effective
Promising results in animals however limited consisitent finding in adults
34