11. Intro to treatment Flashcards
What is addiction
A treatable disease that affects brain function and behavior
True or false: treatment is right for everyone
False: no single treatment is right for all
What does effective treatment need to address
All of the patients needs, not just their drug use
Internal barriers to treatment
- Stigma
- psychological (ie depression)
- Personal beliefs
- Attitudes about abuse
- Attitudes about treatment
What is the biggest public opinion lifestyle factor
Do not want a drug addict as a neighbor
External barriers to treatment
- Financial
- time conflict
- Logistics
- Limited availability and accessibility
- Enforced treatment
- Accessibility to drugs
What is harm reduction
A public health approach which minimize the problems associated with use. Alternative to moral, criminal and medical disease models
Effectiveness of Insite Vancouver
Decreased needle sharing and reuse
Fewer people injecting
Decreased public disposal of syringes
INcreased referral to methadone maintanence treatment
Are vapes harm reduction or harmful
Whilst not the safest, they serve as tobacco harm reduction - better alternative §
Trend for number of calls to poision centres for e-cigs
INcrease dramatically
How are e-cigs marketed
marketed towards teenagers, flavors to entice etc.
What is correlation between e-cig and tobacco
76% of teens who use e-cigs also used regular cigarettes. Dont use as a replacements but in addition
What is detoxification
Process of ridding the system of drugs or alcohol under supervised conditions
Is medication readily ued in detox
Yes. almost 8-% of detoxifications used meds
What are 3 medications used for opioid addiction
- Methadone
- Buprenorphine
- Naltrexone
What is a receptor agonist
A substance that has an affinity for and stimulates cell receptor by binding to it. Produces actions similar to those produced by addictive substance
What is a receptor antagonist
A substance that has affinity for the receptors and blocks that receptor without producing pyschological effects
How does methadone work
An opioid AGONIST. It occupies a receptor and activates it
How often is methadone administered
Once daily
Where is methadone used
Only available at certified opioid treatment programs and acute inpatient hospitals. Used in detox to prevent withdrawl symptoms
What is a problem with methadone
Like opioids, it is very addictive
What is naltrexone
An opioid antagonist
What is naltrexone used for
Prevents relapse, used after medically supervised withdrawal
Problems was naltrexone
Lead to reduced tolerance to opioids, therefore, increased risk of overdose
What is naloxone
An opioid antagonist used to treat opioid overdose. Anyone can carry it. Not pyschoactive, not addictive
How does naloxone work
It knocks the opioids off the receptors and allows the person to breathe again and reverse the overdose of the opioid
What is buprenorphine
An opioid partial agonist. Helps people withdraw from methadone and heroin. Reduced the need to use heroin
How is buprenorphine administered
Sublingual, buccal, subdermal implant, subcutaneous extended release injection
What are the 3 medications used for alcohol addiction
Naltrexone, Acamprosate, Disulfiram
What does disulfiram do
It discourages alcohol consumption, when combined with alcohol it produces nausea, headaches, heart paplitations and vomiting
What does acamprosate do
Helps to restore naturally occurring neurotransmitters, decreasing cravings and urges for alcohol
How do the up and coming vaccines work
Introduces a foreign substance into the body and creates antibodies that attack the substance. Substance doesn’t have the same effect afterwards
Are the up and coming vaccines effective
Promising results in animals however limited consisitent finding in adults
