11 International Production, Supply Chains And HR Management Flashcards

1
Q

Supply chain

A

Network linking tgt
- different aspects of value chain
- coordinating materials
- information
- funds from initial raw material supplier to ultimate consumer

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2
Q

Global sourcing

A

Materials mgt (includes sourcing)
Inventory mgt
Transportation bw suppliers, manufacturers, customers

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3
Q

Contract manufacturing

A

Entire manufacturing handled by another firm

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4
Q

Key factors influencing success for company‘s global production/manufacturing

A
  1. compatibility
  2. manufacturing configuration
  3. coordination
  4. control
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5
Q

Key factors influencing success for company‘s global production/manufacturing - compatibility

A

Degree of consistency bw foreign investment decisions and competitive strategy

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6
Q

Key factors influencing success for company‘s global production/manufacturing - manufacturing configuration

A

Company must decide:
1) centralise manufacturing in one country?
2) establish regional operations?
3) multidomestic production

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7
Q

Key factors influencing success for company‘s global production/manufacturing - coordination

A

Integrating activities into unified system

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8
Q

Key factors influencing success for company‘s global production/manufacturing - control

A

Measuring performance so company can respond to changing conditions

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9
Q

Why global sourcing?

A

1) reduce costs: cheaper labor, more flexible work rules, lower land and facility costs
2) worldwide technology
3) improve quality
4) access to materials and other resources from abroad
5) improve delivery-of-supplies process & reliability of supply (supplementing domestic suppliers with foreign suppliers)
6) establish presence in foreign market & react to competitors foreign location strategies
7) diversify supplier base

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10
Q

Modes of global sourcing

A
  1. vertical integration: one company owns entire international supply chain (or significant part)
  2. industrial clusters: buyers ans suppliers locate close to each other to facilitate business
  3. keiretsu: group of independent comp work tgt to manage flow of goods
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11
Q

Foreign trade zones (FTZ)

A

Areas in which domestic and imported merchandise can be stored, inspected, manufacture free from formal customers until they leave zone (SDM in Madeira)

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12
Q

Transportation

A

Crucial part of logistics - links suppliers, companies, customers

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13
Q

Human resource management in EPG model

A

Ethnocentric HR policy: recruitment/development in home country to key positions abroad
Polycentric HR policy: recruitment/development in host country for key positions in those countries
Geocentric HR policy: recruitment/development of the best - independent of origin (opportunities are independent of nationalities)

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14
Q

Three types for manufacturing configurations

A
  • offshoring
  • nearshoring
  • reshoring/onshoring
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15
Q

Offshoring

A

Manufacturing outside home market based on cost efficiency

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16
Q

Nearshoring

A

Manufacturing outside home country, but regionally close

17
Q

Reshoring/onshoring

A

Manufacturing moving back to home country

18
Q

Holland is …. Largest exporter if food

A

Second

19
Q

Evolution of industry

A
  1. Industry 1.0: mechanical production
  2. Industry 2.0: science, mass production
  3. Industry 3.0: energy, electronics, telcos
  4. Industry 4.0: digital transformation
20
Q

Design principles and goals of industry 4.0

A

A: interconnection
B: information transparency
C: technical assistance
D: decentralised decisiosn

21
Q

Industry 4.0 primary drivers

A

Digitalization and integration of vertical and horizontal value chains
Digitalisation of products and services
Digital business models and customer access

22
Q

How industry 4.0 is changing drivers of internationalisation

A

Traditional drivers:
- availability of raw materials and land
- low cost labor
- tariff incentives and tax benefits

Cutting edge drivers
- network connectivity
- robotics/3D printing
- easiness to access R&D capital
- availability HR

23
Q

Potential benefits for MNE

A
  • increase productivity
  • reduce costs
  • improve quality control
  • innovate faster
24
Q

Problem in global HR mgt that hinder implementation of industry 4.0

A
  • lack of skill set
  • low top mgt commitment
  • insufficient qualification of employees
25
Q

Critical techworks

A

Joint venture bw BMW and critical software - support BMW in building software for future driving machines

26
Q

Brand: label or product?

A

Is a label, not a product

27
Q

Supply chain: is it just logistics?

A

More than just logistics, also value chain