1.1 Inside the atom Flashcards
What must we use to see images of atoms
An electron microscope
What did Rutherford find from his alpha-scattering investigations?
Every atom contains:
- A positively charged nucleus composed of protons and neutrons
- Electrons that surround the nucleus
What word is used to describe a proton or neutron in the nucleus?
Nucleon
How are electrons held in the atom?
Electrons have a negative charge while a nucleus has a positive charge meaning that they are held in place by electrostatic charges
Charge of proton (relative to proton)
+1
Charge of neutron (relative to proton)
0
Charge of electron (relative to proton)
-1
Mass of proton (relative to proton)
1
Mass of neutron (relative to proton)
1
Mass of electron (relative to proton)
0.0005
How does an atom become an ion
Gains or loses electrons as atoms have no overall charge
Every atom of a given element has the same number of protons…
…as any other atom of the same element
What is the proton (atomic) number?
The number of protons in the nucleus
What are isotopes
Atoms with the same number of protons and different numbers of neutrons
What is the nucleon number/mass number
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
What is a nucleon
A neutron or a proton in the nucleus
What is Z
The number of protons, written at the bottom left of the element symbol
What is A
Gives the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, written at the top left of the element symbol
How to find the number of neutrons in the nucleus
A-Z
What is a nuclide
Each type of nucleus
What is the specific charge of a charged particle
Defined as its charge divided by its mass
How can we calculate the specific charge of a charged particle
If we know the charge and mass of the particle
