11: Immune System Flashcards
Innate or acquired immunity?
Needs vaccination or history with an antigen in order to respond. Highly specific response.
Acquired
Innate or acquired immunity?
Complement cells respond.
Innate
Innate or acquired immunity?
Present from birth. Remains throughout life.
Innate
Innate or acquired immunity?
T cells respond.
Acquired
Innate or acquired immunity?
Adaptive immunity.
Acquired
IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, or IgD?
Protective. Lines GI, respiratory, and genital tracts.
IgA
B cells or T cells?
IgA
B cells
_____ tissue continues to grow until school age.
Lymph
What is the NP role in managing infection?
Primary prevention. Prevent it in the first place. Identify and respond to infection. Comanage chronic infection with a specialist. Otherwise, send to ID specialist.
When do natural killer cells become involved, primary or secondary immune response?
Secondary. Memory B cell encounters antigen. Plasma cells form. IgG, IgA, and IgE are made. Natural killer cells respond.
When are stem cells seeded in the bone marrow?
8 weeks
When does hematopoiesis begin?
3 weeks
B cells or T cells?
IgG
B cells
IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, or IgD?
Present in internal and external body fluids.
IgE
Innate or acquired immunity?
Natural killer cells respond.
Acquired
When are stem cells seeded in the long bones?
10 weeks
B cells or T cells?
IgM
B cells
Due to lack of IgM, neonates are highly susceptible to _____ organisms.
Gram-negative organisms
Innate or acquired immunity?
Needs no previous infection to respond.
Innate
Innate or acquired immunity?
PMNs respond.
Innate
IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, or IgD?
Initially high from maternal sources, but taper by 6-8 months. Baby’s production begins at this time.
IgG
IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, or IgD?
Body’s first response to an infection.
IgM
B cells or T cells?
IgD
B cells
When are stem cells seeded in the liver?
5 weeks
Innate or acquired immunity?
B lymphocytes respond.
Acquired
IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, or IgD?
Reaches adult levels by age 7-8.
IgG
IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, or IgD?
Mimics IgA.
IgE
By adolescence, _____ starts to wane in size.
Thymus
Is the primary or secondary immune response more rapid?
Secondary
IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, or IgD?
Along with eosinophils, responds to allergy and parasitic infections.
IgE
B cells or T cells?
IgE
B cells
B cells or T cells?
From bone.
B cells
By middle age, thymus is at _____% of its initial size.
15%
IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, or IgD?
Present in all internal body fluids.
IgG
When is the lowest total Ig level?
3-4 months old
Innate or acquired immunity?
Natural immunity.
Innate
_____ cells become memory cells. In future, can mount specific IgG, IgA, or IgE response.
B cells
IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, or IgD?
Can’t cross the placenta and is low in newborns?
IgM
When are stem cells seeded in the appendix?
11-12 weeks
IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, or IgD?
Production begins around week 2/13 days and reaches adult levels at age 6-7.
IgA
IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, or IgD?
Unclear significance.
IgD
Innate or acquired immunity?
Builds with age.
Acquired
IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, or IgD?
Remains after an infection has resolved.
IgG
T/F Younger people are more prone to autoimmune diseases.
False. Older people are b/c their immune system decreases, leading to infections being able to develop more easily.
_____ function (not absolute value) declines after middle age.
T cell
When are stem cells seeded in the thymus?
8 weeks
When are stem cells seeded in the spleen?
8 weeks
Innate or acquired immunity?
Phagocytic cells respond.
Innate
When does hematopoiesis begin in the fetal liver?
6 weeks
When are adult levels of IgM reached?
1 year old
IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, or IgD?
Some is received via breastmilk.
IgA
How do T cells differ in neonates?
T cells are present in high numbers and normal newborns can develop antigen-specific T-cell response.
T/F Neonates have impaired phagocytosis.
True. It’s possible to have severe immunodeficiency without it being recognized.
When are stem cells seeded in the lymph nodes?
11-12 weeks
T/F Deficiencies in IG subclasses may exist even when total IG levels are normal.
True. Happens specifically with IgG and IgA.
When is IgM made?
During the primary immune response. Antigen is carried to the lymph node. Virgin B cells respond. If affinity for antigen is sufficient, B cell develops into antibody-producing plasma cell. At this point, IgM is made. CD40 glycoprotein acts with CD154 on T cells to proliferate B cells and synthesize IgM.
T/F Newborns cannot make specific antibodies until 3-4 months old, which is why breastfeeding is so important.
False. They can make specific antibodies at birth.
B cells or T cells?
From the thymus.
T cells
T/F Ratio of CD4 to CD8 cells differs in neonates compared to adults.
True
When are stem cells seeded in the clavicles?
8 weeks
Why do newborns require conjugated vaccines?
Newborns cannot mount an immune response to polysaccharide antigens until after 2 years of age. So polysaccharide vaccines are ineffective.
