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Human Genetics > 11. DNA Replication > Flashcards

11. DNA Replication Flashcards

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1
Q

the process in which original DNA strands are used as templates for the synthesis of new DNA strands.

A

DNA Replication

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2
Q

a strand of DNA that is used to synthesize a complementary strand of DNA or RNA.

A

Template (Parental) Strand

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3
Q

in DNA replication, the two newly made strands of DNA.

A

Daughter Strands

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4
Q

an incorrect model of DNA replication in which both parental strands of DNA remain together following DNA replication.

A

Conservative Model

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5
Q

the correct model for DNA replication in which the newly made double-stranded DNA contains one parental strand and one daughter strand.

A

Semiconservative Model

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6
Q

an incorrect model for DNA replication in which segments of parental DNA and newly made DNA are interspersed in both strands following the replication process.

A

Dispersive Model

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7
Q

a site on a chromosome that functions as an initiation site for the assembly of several proteins that begin the process of DNA replication.

A

Origin of Replication

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8
Q

the manner in which two replication forks move, in opposite directions outward from the origin

A

Bidirectional

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9
Q

the region in which two DNA strands have separated and new strands are being synthesized.

A

Replication Fork

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10
Q

a protein that binds to a DnaA box sequence at the origin of replication in bacteria and initiates DNA replication.

A

DnaA Protein

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11
Q

a DNA sequence that serves as a recognition site for the binding of a DnaA protein, which is involved in the initiation of bacterial DNA replication.

A

DnaA Box

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12
Q

an enzyme that separates the two strands of DNA.

A

DNA Helicase

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13
Q

the phenomenon in which two DNA replication forks emanate in opposite directions from an origin of replication.

A

Bidirectional Replication

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14
Q

an enzyme that introduces negative supercoils into DNA using energy from ATP and that can also relax positive supercoils when they occur.

A

DNA Gyrase (Topoisomerase II)

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15
Q

proteins that bind to both of the single strands of DNA during DNA replication and prevent them from re-forming a double helix.

A

Single-Strand Binding Proteins

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16
Q

a short strand of RNA, made by primase, that is used to elongate a strand of DNA during DNA replication.

A

RNA Primer

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17
Q

an enzyme that synthesizes short RNA primers during DNA replication.

A

Primase

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18
Q

a strand during DNA replication that is synthesized continuously toward the replication fork.

A

Leading Strand

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19
Q

a strand during DNA replication that is synthesized as short Okazaki fragments in the direction away from the replication fork.

A

Lagging Strand

20
Q

an enzyme that catalyzes the covalent attachment of nucleotides to form a strand of DNA.

A

DNA Polymerase

21
Q

short segments of DNA that are synthesized to produce the lagging strand during DNA replication.

A

Okazaki Fragments

22
Q

an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a covalent bond within the sugar-phosphate backbones of two DNA strands.

A

DNA Ligase

23
Q

a protein complex that includes DNA helicase and primase.

A

Primosome

24
Q

a complex that contains a primosome and dimeric DNA polymerase.

A

Replisome

25
Q

a complex of two DNA polymerase holoenzymes that move as a unit during DNA replication.

A

Dimeric DNA Polymerase

26
Q

in E. coli, a pair of sequences in the chromosome that bind a protein known as the termination utilization substance (Tus), which stops the movement of the replication forks.

A

Termination Sequences (Ter Sequences)

27
Q

intertwined circular molecules.

A

Catenanes

28
Q

a mutant whose phenotype depends on the environmental conditions, such as a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant.

A

Conditional Mutant

29
Q

a mutant that has a normal phenotype at a permissive temperature but a different phenotype, such as failure to grow, at a nonpermissive temperature.

A

Temperature-Sensitive (ts) Mutant

30
Q

an enzyme, such as RNA or DNA polymerase, which glides along the template strand and does not dissociate from it while catalyzing the covalent attachment of nucleotides.

A

Processive Enzyme

31
Q

a term used to describe the accuracy of a process.

A

Fidelity

32
Q

the ability of DNA polymerase to remove mismatched bases from a newly made strand.

A

Proofreading Function

33
Q

DNA sequences found in yeast that function as origins of replication.

A

Automatic Replicating Sequence (ARS) Elements

34
Q

in eukaryotes, an assembly of at least 14 different proteins, including a group of proteins called the origin recognition complex (ORC), which acts as the first initiator of preRC assembly.

A

Prereplication Complex (preRC)

35
Q

a group of proteins found in eukaryotes that acts as the first initiator of preRC assembly to begin DNA replication.

A

Origin Recognition Complex (ORC)

36
Q

a group of six proteins needed to complete a process called DNA replication licensing, which is necessary for the formation of two replication forks at an origin of replication in eukaryotes.

A

MCM Helicase

37
Q

in eukaryotes, occurs when MCM helicase is bound at an origin of replication, enabling the formation of two replication forks.

A

DNA Replication Licensing

38
Q

an exchange of one type of DNA polymerase for another type during DNA replication.

A

Polymerase Switch

39
Q

a type of DNA polymerase that can replicate over a DNA region that contains an abnormal structure (i.e., a lesion).

A

Translesion-Replicating Polymerase

40
Q

an enzyme that removes small RNA flaps that are generated by the action of DNA polymerase δ. It removes RNA primers during DNA replication.

A

Flap Endonuclease

41
Q

specialized repeated sequences found at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.

A

Telomeres

42
Q

the enzyme that recognizes telomeric sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes and synthesizes additional repeats of those telomeric sequences.

A

Telomerase

43
Q

the RNA component of telomerase.

A

TERC

44
Q

the enzyme within telomerase that uses RNA as a template to make DNA.

A

Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT)

45
Q

describes a cell that is no longer capable of dividing.

A

Senescent

Human Genetics (13 decks)

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