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BIOLOGY GCSE > 1.1 Cell Structure > Flashcards

1.1 Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Nervous system

A

Brain, eyes, spinal chord

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2
Q

Digestive system

A

Oesophagus, pancreas, stomach

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3
Q

Excretory system

A

Liver, kidney, bladder

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4
Q

Respiratory system

A

Lung, bronchi, trachea

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5
Q

Reproductive female

A

Ovary, uterus, vagina

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6
Q

Reproductive male

A

Testes, penis, scrotum

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7
Q

Circulatory

A

Veins, heart, arteries

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8
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Animal, plant, fungi, Protista

Animal + plant :
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosome (protein synthesis) , mitochondria

ONLY plant:
Cell wall, chloroplast, vacuole

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9
Q

Prokaryotic cells (look into more w/ paper flash card)

A

Bacteria

All:
DNA loop, cytoplasm, ribosomes, plasmids, cell wall, cell membrane

Some prokaryotes:
Slime coat, flagellum

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10
Q

Neurone structure

A

Elongated cell body

Lots of projections at ends of cell

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11
Q

Red blood cell structure

A

Shape is small and a biconcave shape

No nucleus

Flexible

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12
Q

Sperm cell structure

A

Has flagellum

Contains enzymes in the head region (acrosome)

Contains many mitochondria

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13
Q

Muscle structure

A

Lots of mitochondria

Proteins that slide over each other

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14
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosome, mitochondria

Only plant:
Cell wall, chloroplast, vacuole

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15
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

DNA loop, cytoplasm, ribosomes, plasmids, cell wall, cell membrane

Some:
Slime coat, flagellum

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16
Q

Neurone structure

A

Elongated cell body

Lots of projections at ens of cell

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17
Q

Red blood cell structure

A

Shape of cell is small and biconcave

No nucleus

Flexible

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18
Q

Sperm cell structure

A

Has flagellum

Contains enzymes in the head region

Contains many mitochondria

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19
Q

Muscle structure

A

Lots of mitochondria

Proteins that slide over each other

20
Q

Root hair cell structure

A

Long projection

Large permanent vacuole

Lots of mitochondria

21
Q

Xylem cells structure

A

Dead cell with no end walls

Lignin forms in the walls

22
Q

Phloem cell structure

A

Companion cells

Sieve plates separate cells

23
Q

Neurone - elongated cell body

A

Allows it to carry impulses over long distances

24
Q

Neurone - lots of projections at ends of cell

A

Allows it to connect to and communicate with other nerve cells and muscles

25
Q

RBC - shape is biconcave

A

Biconcave to maximise surface area which allows for maximum O2 absorption

26
Q

RBC - no nucleus

A

So there is more space for haemoglobin therefore more O2 can bind

27
Q

RBC - flexible

A

So they can squeeze through small blood vessels (capillaries)

28
Q

Sperm cell - has flagellum

A

Enables it to swim to the egg

29
Q

Sperm - enzymes in head region

A

Digest through the jelly coat and cell membrane of an egg cell when it meets one

30
Q

Sperm - Contains many mitochondria

A

Releases energy from respiration so that the flagellum can move back and forth for locomotion

31
Q

Muscle - lots of mitochondria

A

Provide energy for contraction

32
Q

Muscle - Proteins that slide over each other

A

Allows the fibre to shorten and contract

33
Q

Root hair - long projection

A

To t=increase rate of absorption of water via osmosis and mineral ions by active transport

34
Q

Root hair - large permanent vacuole

A

Stores sap, speed up movement of water

35
Q

Root hair cell - lots of mitochondria

A

Provide energy for active transport of minerals

36
Q

Xylem cells - dead cells with no end walls

A

Creates a long hollow tube

37
Q

Xylem cells - lignin forms in the walls

A

Strong to with stand pressure

38
Q

Phloem cell - companion cells

A

Provides energy for transport

39
Q

Phloem cell - sieve plates separate cells

A

Allows movement of substances between cells

40
Q

Magnification

A

How much larger the image is compared to real life

41
Q

Resolution

A

The ability to distinguish between two points on an image

42
Q

Light microscope advantages

A
  • cheaper than electron
  • easier to use
  • shows image in colour
  • can use living specimens
43
Q

Light microscope disadvantages

A
  • resolution too low to see organelles other than nucleus
  • relatively long wavelength
  • resolution and magnification lower than electron microscopes
44
Q

Electron microscopes advantages

A
  • resolution and magnification is much higher than light microscope
  • magnify up to 2,000,000 times
  • can distinguish two objects as close as o.2 nm
45
Q

Electron microscope disadvantages

A
  • Expensive
  • larger
  • require special training to use it
  • not in colour
  • specimen needs to be dead
46
Q

Microscopy calculation

A

Magnification = measured size/real size of object

M = I/O

BIOLOGY GCSE (12 decks)

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